Numbers 31:20

And purify every garment and leather good, everything made of goat's hair, and every article of wood."

Study Bible

And purify
The Hebrew word for "purify" is "חִטֵּאתֶם" (chitte'tem), which is derived from the root "חָטָא" (chata), meaning to cleanse or make clean. In the context of Numbers 31, purification is not merely a physical act but a spiritual one, symbolizing the removal of impurity and sin. This reflects the broader biblical theme of holiness, where God calls His people to be set apart and pure, both in their actions and in their possessions.

every garment
The term "garment" in Hebrew is "בֶּגֶד" (beged), which refers to clothing or apparel. In ancient Israel, garments were not only functional but also held symbolic significance. They often represented one's status, identity, and purity. The command to purify garments underscores the importance of external cleanliness as a reflection of internal holiness, a principle that resonates throughout Scripture.

and leather good
The phrase "leather good" translates from the Hebrew "כָּל־כְּלִי עוֹר" (kol-keli or), meaning any item made from animal hide. Leather was a common material in the ancient Near East, used for various purposes, including clothing, tents, and containers. The inclusion of leather goods in the purification process highlights the comprehensive nature of God's call to holiness, extending to all aspects of life and material possessions.

everything made of goat's hair
The Hebrew phrase "כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂה עִזִּים" (kol-ma'aseh izzim) refers to items crafted from goat's hair, such as tents or fabrics. Goat's hair was a durable and versatile material, often used in the construction of the tabernacle (Exodus 26:7). The requirement to purify these items emphasizes the need for thoroughness in the cleansing process, ensuring that even the most mundane or utilitarian objects are consecrated to God.

and every article of wood
The Hebrew "כָּל־כְּלִי עֵץ" (kol-keli etz) refers to all wooden items. Wood was a fundamental material in ancient times, used for tools, furniture, and religious artifacts. The command to purify wooden articles serves as a reminder that holiness permeates every facet of life. It calls believers to recognize that all creation is under God's dominion and should be treated with reverence and care.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who is conveying God's commands regarding purification after the battle with the Midianites.

2. Israelites
The people of God who are receiving instructions on how to purify themselves and their belongings after the conflict.

3. Midianites
The people defeated by the Israelites, whose possessions are now subject to purification.

4. Purification Process
The ritual cleansing required for garments and articles made of leather, goat hair, or wood, emphasizing the need for holiness.

5. Camp of Israel
The place where the Israelites reside and where the purification process is to be carried out to maintain the camp's sanctity.

Teaching Points

Holiness and Purity
God calls His people to be holy and set apart, which includes both physical and spiritual purity.

Obedience to God's Commands
The Israelites' adherence to purification laws demonstrates the importance of obedience in maintaining a relationship with God.

Symbolism of Cleansing
The physical act of cleansing garments and items symbolizes the deeper need for spiritual cleansing from sin.

Community Responsibility
The purification process underscores the collective responsibility of the community to uphold God's standards.

Application to Modern Life
Believers today are called to examine their lives and remove anything that hinders their walk with God, seeking spiritual purity through Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the command to purify garments and items in Numbers 31:20 reflect God's character and His expectations for His people?

2. In what ways can the purification process described in Numbers 31:20 be seen as a foreshadowing of the spiritual cleansing available through Jesus Christ?

3. How do the purification laws in Numbers relate to the concept of holiness in the New Testament, and how can we apply this to our daily lives?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to "purify" our lives today, both physically and spiritually, in light of this passage?

5. How does understanding the historical and cultural context of Numbers 31:20 enhance our appreciation of God's instructions for His people?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 11
Discusses the laws of cleanliness and uncleanliness, providing a broader context for the purification laws in Numbers.

Hebrews 9
Explains the concept of purification and cleansing in the New Testament, drawing parallels to the Old Testament practices.

Psalm 51
David's plea for purification and cleansing from sin, highlighting the spiritual aspect of purification.

1 John 1:9
Speaks about the spiritual cleansing available through confession and forgiveness in Christ.

2 Corinthians 7:1
Encourages believers to purify themselves from everything that contaminates body and spirit.