Numbers 28:30

Include one male goat to make atonement for you.

Study Bible

Include
The directive to "include" signifies the importance of completeness in the sacrificial offerings. In the Hebrew context, the word used here implies an addition that is necessary and integral to the whole. This reflects the comprehensive nature of God's instructions to His people, ensuring that nothing is left out in their worship and atonement practices. It underscores the meticulous care God desires in the observance of His commands, pointing to His holiness and the need for His people to approach Him with reverence and obedience.

one male goat
The specification of "one male goat" is significant in the sacrificial system. In Hebrew, the word for goat, "sa'ir," often symbolizes sin and atonement. The male goat was commonly used in sin offerings, as seen in Leviticus 16 during the Day of Atonement. This particular animal was chosen for its representation of strength and vitality, qualities that are offered up to God in substitution for the sins of the people. The singularity of "one" emphasizes the sufficiency of the sacrifice, pointing forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who is the one sufficient offering for all sin.

to make atonement
The phrase "to make atonement" is central to understanding the purpose of the sacrificial system. The Hebrew word "kaphar" means to cover or to reconcile. Atonement involves the covering of sin, allowing for reconciliation between God and His people. This act of atonement is a foreshadowing of the ultimate atonement made by Jesus Christ on the cross, where His blood covers our sins and reconciles us to God. It highlights the seriousness of sin and the necessity of a mediator, which in the Old Testament was symbolized through animal sacrifices.

for you
The personal nature of "for you" indicates that the atonement is not just a communal or national act but also an individual one. Each person is in need of atonement, and the sacrificial system provided a means for individuals to be reconciled to God. This personal aspect of atonement is fulfilled in the New Testament through Jesus Christ, who died for each of us individually. It reminds us of the personal relationship God desires with each believer and the personal responsibility we have to seek His forgiveness and grace.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who received the laws and instructions from God, including the sacrificial system outlined in Numbers.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were given specific instructions on how to worship and make atonement for their sins.

3. Tabernacle
The portable dwelling place for the divine presence, where sacrifices and offerings were made.

4. Sacrificial System
The divinely instituted method for atonement and worship, involving various offerings and sacrifices.

5. Atonement
The process of making amends or reparation for sin, often through the shedding of blood in the Old Testament context.

Teaching Points

Understanding Atonement
The concept of atonement in the Old Testament is foundational for understanding the work of Christ. The male goat in Numbers 28:30 symbolizes the need for a substitute to bear the penalty of sin.

The Role of Sacrifice
Sacrifices were a tangible reminder of the cost of sin and the holiness of God. They pointed forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus, who fulfilled the law and the prophets.

God’s Provision for Sin
The inclusion of a male goat for atonement demonstrates God's provision for dealing with sin. It reminds us of His grace and mercy in providing a way for reconciliation.

The Continuity of Scripture
The sacrificial system in the Old Testament is not an isolated practice but part of the larger account of redemption that culminates in Christ.

Living in Light of Atonement
As believers, understanding the depth of atonement should lead us to live lives of gratitude, holiness, and service, reflecting the sacrifice made on our behalf.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the requirement of a male goat for atonement in Numbers 28:30 help us understand the seriousness of sin in the eyes of God?

2. In what ways does the sacrificial system in the Old Testament point to the work of Jesus Christ in the New Testament?

3. How can understanding the concept of atonement deepen our appreciation for the sacrifice of Jesus?

4. What are some practical ways we can live in response to the atonement provided by Christ?

5. How does the continuity of the theme of atonement throughout the Bible strengthen your faith in the reliability and unity of Scripture?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 16
This chapter provides a detailed description of the Day of Atonement, highlighting the significance of the goat in the atonement process.

Hebrews 9
This New Testament passage explains how the sacrificial system foreshadowed the ultimate atonement through Jesus Christ.

Isaiah 53
This prophetic chapter speaks of the suffering servant who would bear the sins of many, connecting to the concept of atonement.

John 1:29
John the Baptist refers to Jesus as the "Lamb of God," drawing a parallel to the sacrificial system and the ultimate atonement He provides.