Matthew 22:31

But concerning the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what God said to you:

Study Bible

But concerning the resurrection of the dead
This phrase introduces a critical theological concept that Jesus addresses in response to the Sadducees, who denied the resurrection. The Greek word for "resurrection" is "anastasis," which means a rising up or standing again. This term is foundational to Christian eschatology, affirming the belief in life after death and the eventual resurrection of believers. Historically, the Sadducees were a sect that held significant power in the Sanhedrin and were known for their denial of the resurrection, which makes Jesus' teaching here particularly poignant. The resurrection is not just a future hope but a present reality that shapes Christian living.

have you not read what God said to you
Jesus challenges the Sadducees by appealing to the authority of Scripture, specifically the Torah, which they held in high regard. The phrase "have you not read" implies a call to deeper understanding and reflection on the Scriptures. The Greek word for "read" is "anaginōskō," which means to know again or to recognize. This suggests that the Scriptures are not just to be read superficially but to be understood and internalized. Jesus emphasizes that God's word is living and active, speaking directly to the people of every generation.

I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob
Here, Jesus quotes Exodus 3:6, where God speaks to Moses from the burning bush. The use of "I am" (Greek "egō eimi") is significant, as it denotes the present, continuous existence of God, who is not bound by time. This statement underscores the covenantal relationship God has with the patriarchs, which is not nullified by their physical death. The mention of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob highlights the continuity of God's promises and the assurance of life beyond the grave. It affirms that God is the God of the living, not the dead, and that His promises transcend temporal existence.

He is not the God of the dead, but of the living
This concluding statement by Jesus reinforces the reality of the resurrection and the eternal nature of God's covenant. The Greek word for "living" is "zōntōn," which implies active, vibrant life. This declaration is a profound affirmation of the hope and assurance that believers have in Christ. It challenges the Sadducees' limited understanding and invites all believers to embrace the fullness of life that God offers. Theologically, it underscores the Christian belief in eternal life and the transformative power of the resurrection, which begins in the here and now and continues into eternity.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus Christ
The central figure in this passage, Jesus is addressing the Sadducees, who are questioning Him about the resurrection.

2. Sadducees
A Jewish sect during Jesus' time, known for denying the resurrection of the dead. They are attempting to challenge Jesus with a theological question.

3. Moses
Although not directly mentioned in this verse, Jesus refers to the writings of Moses to make His point about the resurrection.

4. God
The ultimate authority whose words Jesus cites to affirm the truth of the resurrection.

5. Resurrection
The event and doctrine being discussed, which the Sadducees deny and Jesus affirms using Scripture.

Teaching Points

Authority of Scripture
Jesus uses Scripture to address theological errors. We should also rely on the Bible as our ultimate authority in matters of faith and doctrine.

Understanding the Resurrection
The resurrection is a foundational Christian belief. Understanding it helps us grasp the hope and future we have in Christ.

Engaging with Skeptics
Jesus models how to engage with those who question or deny core doctrines. We should be prepared to give a reasoned defense of our faith using Scripture.

God of the Living
God’s relationship with the patriarchs demonstrates that He is the God of the living, not the dead. This should encourage us in our faith and hope in eternal life.

Continuity of God’s Promises
The promises made to the patriarchs are fulfilled in Christ and continue to be relevant to believers today.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jesus' use of Scripture in Matthew 22:31 challenge the beliefs of the Sadducees, and what can we learn from His approach?

2. In what ways does the doctrine of the resurrection impact your daily life and faith journey?

3. How can we effectively use Scripture to engage with those who have different beliefs about life after death?

4. What does it mean for God to be the "God of the living," and how does this truth affect your understanding of eternal life?

5. How do the promises made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob find their fulfillment in Jesus, and what implications does this have for us as believers today?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 3:6
Jesus refers to this passage where God speaks to Moses at the burning bush, saying, "I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob." This implies that these patriarchs are alive to God, supporting the doctrine of resurrection.

Acts 23:8
This verse highlights the beliefs of the Sadducees, who deny the resurrection, angels, and spirits, contrasting with the Pharisees who affirm them.

1 Corinthians 15
Paul’s extensive teaching on the resurrection of the dead, affirming its centrality to Christian faith.