Leviticus 27:13

If, however, the owner decides to redeem the animal, he must add a fifth to its value.

Study Bible

If, however
This phrase introduces a conditional clause, indicating an exception or alternative to a previously stated rule. In the context of Leviticus, it suggests flexibility within the law, allowing for personal choice and agency. The Hebrew word often translated as "if" is "אִם" (im), which is used frequently in legal texts to denote conditions. This reflects the nature of God's laws as not only prescriptive but also accommodating human circumstances and decisions.

the owner
The term "owner" refers to the person who has legal possession or responsibility for the animal. In Hebrew, the word is "בַּעַל" (ba'al), which can mean master or lord. This highlights the responsibility and authority given to individuals over their possessions, reflecting the biblical principle of stewardship. Ownership in the biblical sense is not just about possession but also about accountability to God for how one manages what is entrusted to them.

wishes to redeem
The concept of redemption is central to biblical theology. The Hebrew word "גָּאַל" (ga'al) means to redeem, reclaim, or buy back. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God redeeming His people. In this context, it refers to the owner's desire to reclaim the animal that was dedicated to God. Redemption involves a cost, symbolizing the value and sacrifice inherent in reclaiming what is precious.

the animal
The specific mention of "the animal" indicates the subject of the redemption. In Levitical law, animals could be dedicated to God as part of a vow or offering. The Hebrew word for animal, "בְּהֵמָה" (behemah), encompasses domestic animals used for labor or sacrifice. This reflects the agrarian society of ancient Israel, where animals were vital to daily life and worship practices.

he must add a fifth
This requirement to add a fifth (20%) to the value of the animal underscores the principle of restitution and the cost of redemption. The Hebrew word for fifth is "חֹמֶשׁ" (chomesh). This additional amount serves as a penalty or surcharge, emphasizing the seriousness of vows and the importance of fulfilling one's commitments to God. It also reflects the biblical principle that redemption is costly, pointing to the ultimate redemption through Christ.

to its value
The term "value" refers to the assessed worth of the animal, which would have been determined by the priests. The Hebrew word "עֶרְכְּךָ" (erkekha) implies an estimation or appraisal. This reflects the structured and orderly nature of Levitical law, where even spiritual commitments had tangible, measurable aspects. It highlights the integration of faith and daily life, where spiritual decisions have practical implications.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Leviticus, who received the laws from God on Mount Sinai and communicated them to the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The people to whom the laws in Leviticus were given, forming the covenant community of God.

3. Animal
Refers to the animals that could be vowed to the Lord and then redeemed by the owner.

4. Tabernacle
The place where offerings and vows were made, serving as the center of worship for the Israelites.

5. Priests
The mediators between God and the Israelites, responsible for overseeing the fulfillment of vows and offerings.

Teaching Points

Understanding Redemption
The concept of redemption in Leviticus 27:13 illustrates the cost of reclaiming what is dedicated to God. It reminds us of the ultimate redemption through Christ, who paid the price for our sins.

Value of Commitment
Adding a fifth to the value signifies the importance of fulfilling commitments to God. It teaches us to honor our promises and be faithful stewards of what we dedicate to Him.

Holiness in Offerings
The requirement to add a fifth underscores the holiness of offerings made to God. It calls us to approach our worship and service with reverence and sincerity.

Principle of Restitution
The law of adding a fifth reflects the broader biblical principle of restitution, encouraging us to make amends and restore what is due in our relationships with others.

Integrity in Worship
This passage challenges us to examine our motives and integrity in worship, ensuring that our offerings and vows are genuine expressions of devotion to God.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of redemption in Leviticus 27:13 relate to the New Testament understanding of redemption through Christ?

2. What does the requirement to add a fifth to the value teach us about the seriousness of our commitments to God?

3. In what ways can we apply the principle of restitution in our daily lives and relationships?

4. How can we ensure that our worship and offerings to God are sincere and not merely ritualistic?

5. Reflect on a time when you made a vow or commitment to God. How did you fulfill it, and what did you learn from the experience?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 5:15-16
Discusses the concept of restitution and adding a fifth to the value, similar to the redemption process in Leviticus 27:13.

Numbers 18:15-16
Provides further instructions on the redemption of firstborn animals, emphasizing the addition of a fifth to the value.

Psalm 50:14
Encourages offering thanksgiving and fulfilling vows to God, highlighting the importance of sincerity in worship.

Matthew 5:33-37
Jesus teaches about the seriousness of making vows, urging honesty and integrity in commitments.