Leviticus 15:23

And whether it is a bed or furniture on which she was sitting, whoever touches it will be unclean until evening.

Study Bible

And whether it is
This phrase introduces a conditional situation, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of the law. The Hebrew word used here, "וְאִם" (ve'im), is a conjunction that sets the stage for the specific conditions that follow. It underscores the thoroughness of God's instructions to His people, ensuring that no aspect of daily life is left unaddressed. This reflects God's desire for holiness in every detail of life, reminding believers of the importance of purity and obedience.

on the bed
The bed, in ancient Israelite culture, was not just a place for rest but also a symbol of personal space and intimacy. The Hebrew word "מִשְׁכָּב" (mishkav) refers to a place of lying down. This highlights the personal and private nature of the impurity laws, indicating that even the most intimate aspects of life are subject to God's standards. It serves as a reminder that holiness permeates all areas of life, including those that are private and personal.

or on the furniture
The term "furniture" here, translated from the Hebrew "כְּלִי" (keli), refers to any article or vessel. This broad term encompasses all household items, indicating that the laws of purity extend beyond personal items to include communal and shared spaces. It reflects the communal nature of Israelite society, where the actions of one individual could impact the entire community. This teaches the importance of considering how personal actions affect others and the community's spiritual health.

on which she sits
Sitting, in this context, involves the act of resting or dwelling upon something. The Hebrew root "יָשַׁב" (yashav) means to sit, dwell, or remain. This phrase emphasizes the everyday nature of the activities that could lead to impurity, reminding believers that even routine actions are significant in the eyes of God. It calls for mindfulness in daily life, encouraging believers to be aware of their actions and their spiritual implications.

when he touches it
Touching, from the Hebrew "נָגַע" (naga), implies contact or reaching out. This action signifies the transfer of impurity through physical contact, highlighting the tangible nature of holiness and impurity. It serves as a metaphor for the influence of sin and the need for vigilance in maintaining spiritual purity. This teaches believers to be cautious about what they come into contact with, both physically and spiritually.

he will be unclean
The state of being unclean, "טָמֵא" (tamei) in Hebrew, signifies a temporary condition of ritual impurity. This condition required purification before one could participate in communal worship. It underscores the seriousness with which God views purity and the need for cleansing before approaching Him. This reflects the broader biblical theme of the need for atonement and purification, pointing ultimately to the cleansing work of Christ.

until evening
The phrase "until evening" indicates the temporary nature of the impurity, as evening marked the beginning of a new day in the Hebrew calendar. This reflects the hope and renewal that comes with each new day, symbolizing God's mercy and the opportunity for restoration. It serves as a reminder of the grace available to believers, encouraging them to seek cleansing and renewal regularly. This points to the ultimate cleansing available through Christ, who offers a new beginning to all who come to Him.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Leviticus, who received the laws from God to instruct the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The recipients of the Levitical laws, including the laws of purity and cleanliness.

3. Tabernacle
The central place of worship for the Israelites, where purity laws were especially significant.

4. Unclean Person
An individual who becomes ceremonially unclean through contact with certain objects or people, as described in Leviticus 15.

5. Evening
The time by which the unclean person would be considered clean again, marking the end of the day in Jewish tradition.

Teaching Points

Understanding Ceremonial Cleanliness
The laws of cleanliness in Leviticus were given to teach the Israelites about holiness and the separation from sin. They served as a constant reminder of the need for purity in approaching God.

Symbolism of Cleanliness
The physical act of becoming clean by evening symbolizes spiritual renewal and the importance of maintaining a pure heart before God.

Practical Implications for Today
While the specific laws of Leviticus are not binding on Christians today, the principles of purity, holiness, and separation from sin remain relevant. Believers are called to live lives that reflect God's holiness.

Christ's Fulfillment of the Law
Jesus Christ fulfilled the ceremonial laws, offering a once-for-all sacrifice that cleanses us from sin. This understanding should lead to gratitude and a desire to live a life pleasing to God.

Community and Purity
The laws also emphasize the importance of community and the impact of individual actions on the collective body. Christians are encouraged to consider how their actions affect the body of Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the laws of cleanliness in Leviticus 15 reflect God's character and His desire for His people?

2. In what ways can the principles of ceremonial cleanliness be applied to our spiritual lives today?

3. How does the account of the woman with the issue of blood in Mark 5 relate to the laws in Leviticus 15?

4. What does Hebrews 9:13-14 teach us about the sufficiency of Christ's sacrifice in relation to the Old Testament laws of cleanliness?

5. How can we, as a community of believers, support one another in living lives that reflect the holiness and purity God desires?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 11-15
These chapters provide a broader context for understanding the laws of cleanliness and uncleanliness, including dietary laws and skin diseases.

Numbers 19
Discusses the purification process with the water of cleansing, which is relevant to understanding the concept of ceremonial cleanliness.

Mark 5:25-34
The account of the woman with the issue of blood, which highlights the social and religious implications of being considered unclean.

Hebrews 9:13-14
Explains how the blood of Christ purifies us from all sin, offering a New Testament perspective on the concept of cleanliness.