Lamentations 4:9

Those slain by the sword are better off than those who die of hunger, who waste away, pierced with pain because the fields lack produce.

Study Bible

Those slain by the sword
The phrase "those slain by the sword" refers to individuals who have died in battle or through acts of violence. In the Hebrew context, the sword is often a symbol of war and divine judgment. The Hebrew word for "sword" is "חֶרֶב" (chereb), which frequently appears in the Old Testament as an instrument of God's judgment. Historically, being slain by the sword was considered a quicker and more honorable death compared to the slow suffering of famine. This reflects the harsh realities of ancient warfare and the belief that a swift death was preferable to prolonged suffering.

are better off
The expression "are better off" suggests a comparison of conditions, indicating that one state is preferable to another. In the context of Lamentations, this phrase underscores the severity of the suffering experienced by those who die of famine. The Hebrew root for "better" is "טוֹב" (tov), which generally means good or pleasant. Here, it is used ironically to highlight the extreme distress of famine, suggesting that even the violent death by the sword is a mercy compared to the drawn-out agony of starvation.

than those who die of famine
"Those who die of famine" refers to individuals who perish due to a lack of food. Famine is a recurring theme in the Bible, often seen as a consequence of sin or a tool of divine punishment. The Hebrew word for "famine" is "רָעָב" (ra'av), which conveys not only physical hunger but also a spiritual desolation. In the historical context of Lamentations, the city of Jerusalem was under siege, leading to severe food shortages. This phrase highlights the intense suffering and desperation faced by the inhabitants during this time.

who waste away
The phrase "who waste away" describes the physical deterioration and gradual decline of those suffering from famine. The Hebrew word "מָזוּב" (mazuv) implies a wasting disease or a draining away of life. This imagery evokes a sense of helplessness and inevitability, as the body slowly succumbs to starvation. It serves as a poignant reminder of the frailty of human life and the devastating impact of prolonged deprivation.

pierced with pain
"Pierced with pain" conveys the acute and relentless suffering experienced by those dying of famine. The Hebrew word "דָּקַר" (dakar) means to pierce or stab, often used metaphorically to describe intense emotional or physical pain. This vivid imagery emphasizes the excruciating nature of famine, likening it to being repeatedly stabbed. It reflects the deep anguish and torment that accompany such a slow and painful death.

because the fields lack produce
The phrase "because the fields lack produce" identifies the cause of the famine: the failure of the land to yield crops. The Hebrew word for "fields" is "שָׂדֶה" (sadeh), and "produce" is "תְּבוּאָה" (tevuah), which refers to the harvest or yield of the land. This lack of produce signifies not only a physical scarcity but also a spiritual barrenness, as the land, often seen as a blessing from God, fails to provide sustenance. In the historical context, this could be attributed to the siege of Jerusalem, where agricultural activities were disrupted, leading to widespread hunger and despair.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jeremiah
- Traditionally attributed as the author of Lamentations, Jeremiah is known as the "weeping prophet" who lamented the destruction of Jerusalem.

2. Jerusalem
- The city that faced destruction and siege, leading to the dire circumstances described in Lamentations.

3. Babylonian Siege
- The event during which the Babylonians besieged Jerusalem, leading to famine and suffering among its inhabitants.

4. Inhabitants of Jerusalem
- The people who suffered during the siege, experiencing both the sword and starvation.

5. Fields of Jerusalem
- The agricultural lands that failed to produce food during the siege, contributing to the famine.

Teaching Points

The Reality of Suffering
Lamentations 4:9 highlights the severe suffering experienced during the siege, reminding us of the reality of human suffering in a fallen world.

Consequences of Disobedience
The verse serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of turning away from God, as seen in the history of Israel.

Compassion for the Suffering
As Christians, we are called to have compassion for those who suffer, recognizing their pain and offering support and prayer.

Hope in God’s Deliverance
Despite the dire circumstances, believers are encouraged to hold onto hope in God's ultimate deliverance and restoration.

The Importance of Spiritual Nourishment
Just as physical famine leads to death, spiritual famine can lead to spiritual death. We must seek nourishment through God's Word and prayer.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the suffering described in Lamentations 4:9 reflect the consequences of Israel's disobedience to God?

2. In what ways can we show compassion and support to those who are suffering in our communities today?

3. How can the themes of suffering and hope in Lamentations encourage us in our personal trials?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to ensure we are spiritually nourished and not experiencing a "spiritual famine"?

5. How do the events of Lamentations 4:9 connect with Jesus' teachings on suffering and endurance in the New Testament?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 28
This chapter outlines the blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience, including famine and siege, which are relevant to the context of Lamentations.

Jeremiah 19
Jeremiah prophesies the coming destruction of Jerusalem, which aligns with the events lamented in Lamentations.

2 Kings 25
Describes the fall of Jerusalem to the Babylonians, providing historical context for the lament.

Psalm 37
Offers a contrast by emphasizing trust in God and His provision, even in times of trouble.

Matthew 24
Jesus speaks of future tribulations, echoing the themes of suffering and endurance found in Lamentations.