Judges 11:36

"My father," she replied, "you have given your word to the LORD. Do to me as you have said, for the LORD has avenged you of your enemies, the Ammonites."

Study Bible

My father
This phrase indicates a personal and intimate relationship between Jephthah and his daughter. In the Hebrew context, the term "father" (אָב, 'av) is not only a biological term but also one of respect and authority. It reflects the patriarchal structure of ancient Israelite society, where the father was the head of the household and held significant influence over family decisions. This relationship is crucial in understanding the gravity of the daughter's response and her willingness to submit to her father's vow.

she replied
The act of replying signifies a dialogue, an exchange of words that is both respectful and earnest. In the narrative, this reply is not just a simple response but a profound acceptance of her fate. The Hebrew verb used here for "replied" (עָנָה, 'anah) often implies a thoughtful or considered response, indicating that the daughter is fully aware of the implications of her words.

You have given your word to the LORD
This phrase underscores the seriousness of vows made to God in the ancient Israelite context. The Hebrew word for "word" (דָּבָר, davar) can also mean "promise" or "decree," highlighting the binding nature of Jephthah's vow. The invocation of "the LORD" (יְהוָה, Yahweh) emphasizes the sacredness of the vow, as it was made to the covenant God of Israel, who is both just and merciful. This reflects the deep-seated belief in the inviolability of promises made to God.

Do to me as you have promised
Here, the daughter expresses her willingness to accept the consequences of her father's vow. The phrase "do to me" indicates submission and acceptance, which is remarkable given the potential cost. The Hebrew root for "promised" (נָדַר, nadar) is often associated with vows that are solemn and irrevocable. This reflects the cultural and religious understanding that vows to God must be fulfilled, regardless of personal cost.

now that the LORD has avenged you of your enemies
This part of the verse acknowledges the divine intervention and victory granted by God. The term "avenged" (נָקַם, naqam) in Hebrew conveys the idea of justice and retribution, suggesting that the victory over the Ammonites was seen as a righteous act of God. The phrase "your enemies" personalizes the conflict, indicating that the victory was not just for Israel but also for Jephthah personally. This highlights the belief in God's active role in the affairs of His people, rewarding faithfulness and fulfilling His promises.

the Ammonites
The Ammonites were a neighboring people often in conflict with Israel. Historically, they were descendants of Lot, as recorded in Genesis, and their interactions with Israel were frequently hostile. The mention of the Ammonites here serves as a reminder of the historical enmity and the ongoing struggle for the Israelites to maintain their God-given land and identity. This context underscores the significance of the victory and the fulfillment of Jephthah's vow as part of God's larger plan for His people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jephthah
A judge of Israel, known for his vow to God and his victory over the Ammonites. He is a central figure in this account, demonstrating both faith and the consequences of rash vows.

2. Jephthah's Daughter
The unnamed daughter of Jephthah, who becomes the subject of his vow. Her response to her father's vow is one of submission and faithfulness.

3. The LORD
The God of Israel, who is acknowledged as the one who grants victory over the enemies, the Ammonites, in this context.

4. The Ammonites
The enemies of Israel whom Jephthah defeats, leading to the fulfillment of his vow.

5. Mizpah
The place where Jephthah made his vow and where he returned after his victory.

Teaching Points

The Weight of Our Words
Jephthah's account reminds us of the power and responsibility of our words, especially when making promises to God. We should be cautious and thoughtful in our commitments.

Faith and Obedience
Jephthah's daughter exemplifies faith and obedience, even in difficult circumstances. Her response challenges us to trust in God's sovereignty and submit to His will.

Consequences of Rash Decisions
The account warns against making hasty decisions without considering the potential consequences, encouraging us to seek wisdom and discernment.

God's Sovereignty in Victory
The victory over the Ammonites underscores that success and deliverance come from the Lord, reminding us to give Him the glory in our triumphs.

Legacy of Faith
Despite the tragic outcome, Jephthah's inclusion in Hebrews 11 shows that God can use imperfect people for His purposes, encouraging us to live by faith.

Bible Study Questions

1. What can we learn from Jephthah's vow about the importance of considering the consequences before making promises to God?

2. How does Jephthah's daughter's response to her father's vow challenge our understanding of faith and obedience in difficult situations?

3. In what ways does the account of Jephthah and his daughter parallel the account of Abraham and Isaac, and what does this teach us about sacrifice?

4. How can we apply the teachings of Jesus in Matthew 5:33-37 to ensure our words and commitments align with God's will?

5. Reflecting on Jephthah's inclusion in Hebrews 11, how can we find encouragement in knowing that God uses flawed individuals to accomplish His purposes?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 22
The account of Abraham and Isaac, where Abraham is tested by God to sacrifice his son, parallels the theme of faith and sacrifice.

Ecclesiastes 5:4-5
Discusses the importance of fulfilling vows made to God, highlighting the seriousness of making promises to the Lord.

Matthew 5:33-37
Jesus teaches about making oaths, emphasizing the importance of honesty and integrity without making rash vows.

Hebrews 11:32-34
Jephthah is mentioned in the "Faith Hall of Fame," recognizing his faith despite his flawed actions.