proceeded south of the Ascent of Akrabbim, continued on to Zin, went over to the south of Kadesh-barnea, ran past Hezron up to Addar, and curved toward Karka. proceeded southwardThe phrase "proceeded southward" indicates a movement in a specific direction, emphasizing the geographical orientation of the boundary being described. In Hebrew, the term for "south" is "negev," which also refers to the arid desert region in southern Israel. This movement southward is significant as it delineates the southern boundary of the tribe of Judah, highlighting the importance of land allocation in fulfilling God's promise to Abraham regarding the inheritance of the land ( Genesis 15:18-21). ascent of Akrabbim
The "ascent of Akrabbim" refers to a steep pass or incline. The Hebrew word "Akrabbim" means "scorpions," suggesting a rugged and challenging terrain. This ascent is part of the southern border of the Promised Land, marking a transition from the wilderness to the settled land. It serves as a reminder of the Israelites' journey from slavery to freedom, symbolizing the trials and perseverance required to enter God's promises. continued to Zin
The "wilderness of Zin" is a desert region located in the southern part of Canaan. The Hebrew root "Zin" is associated with a "thorn" or "barrier," reflecting the harsh and inhospitable nature of the area. This wilderness was part of the Israelites' wanderings, and its mention here underscores the transformation from a place of testing to a boundary of blessing, as the land is now being apportioned to the tribes. went over to the south of Kadesh-barnea
"Kadesh-barnea" is a significant location in Israel's history, serving as a major encampment during their wilderness journey. The name "Kadesh" means "holy" or "sacred," while "Barnea" may mean "desert of wandering." This site is where the Israelites sent spies into Canaan and faced a pivotal moment of faith and obedience. Its inclusion in the boundary description highlights the transition from wandering to settlement, from testing to fulfillment. then went on to Hezron
"Hezron" is a location whose exact site is uncertain, but it is part of the southern boundary of Judah. The name "Hezron" can mean "enclosure" or "surrounded," suggesting a place of security and protection. This reflects God's provision and the establishment of a secure inheritance for His people, reinforcing the theme of divine faithfulness in granting the land. up to Addar
"Addar" is another location along the boundary, with its name meaning "mighty" or "glorious." This term conveys strength and prominence, symbolizing the strength of the tribe of Judah and their role in the unfolding of God's redemptive plan. The boundary's progression to Addar signifies the establishment of a stronghold within the Promised Land. turned toward Karka
The phrase "turned toward Karka" indicates a change in direction, marking the boundary's continuation. "Karka" is a location whose meaning is uncertain, but its mention signifies the detailed and precise nature of the land allocation. This turning point in the boundary serves as a metaphor for the turning points in the spiritual journey, where God directs His people according to His divine plan and purpose. Persons / Places / Events 1. Ascent of AkrabbimA geographical location marking the southern boundary of the land allotted to the tribe of Judah. The name "Akrabbim" means "scorpions" in Hebrew, indicating a rugged or challenging terrain. 2. ZinA desert region in the southern part of Canaan. It is often associated with the wilderness wanderings of the Israelites. 3. Kadesh-barneaA significant location in the wilderness where the Israelites camped. It was from here that the spies were sent into Canaan, and it became a place of testing and decision. 4. HezronA location on the southern boundary of Judah's territory. Its exact location is uncertain, but it is part of the delineation of the tribal lands. 5. Addar and KarkaThese are lesser-known locations mentioned in the boundary description of Judah's territory. Their inclusion highlights the detailed nature of the land allotment. Teaching Points God's Faithfulness in PromisesThe detailed description of the land boundaries in Joshua 15:3 reflects God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to the Israelites. He is a God of order and precision, ensuring that each tribe receives its inheritance. The Importance of BoundariesJust as physical boundaries were important for the tribes of Israel, spiritual and moral boundaries are crucial for believers today. They help define our identity and guide our actions in accordance with God's will. Facing Challenges with FaithThe mention of places like the ascent of Akrabbim and Kadesh-barnea reminds us of the challenges the Israelites faced. As believers, we are called to face our own "wilderness" experiences with faith and trust in God's guidance. Historical Context and Spiritual LessonsUnderstanding the historical context of these locations enriches our appreciation of the biblical account and helps us draw spiritual lessons applicable to our lives today. Bible Study Questions 1. How does the detailed description of the land boundaries in Joshua 15:3 reflect God's faithfulness to His promises? 2. In what ways can the concept of physical boundaries in the Bible inform our understanding of spiritual and moral boundaries in our lives today? 3. Reflect on a "wilderness" experience in your life. How can the Israelites' journey through places like Kadesh-barnea inspire you to trust in God's guidance? 4. How does understanding the historical and geographical context of biblical locations enhance your study of Scripture? 5. What lessons can we learn from the Israelites' challenges in securing their land that can be applied to overcoming obstacles in our spiritual journey? Connections to Other Scriptures Numbers 34:4This verse also describes the southern boundary of the land of Israel, providing a parallel account to Joshua 15:3. It emphasizes the importance of defining the land God promised to His people. Deuteronomy 1:19This passage recounts the journey of the Israelites through the wilderness, including their time at Kadesh-barnea, highlighting the challenges and faith required during their wanderings. Judges 1:36This verse mentions the ascent of Akrabbim as a boundary, showing its continued significance in the tribal divisions and the ongoing challenges faced by the Israelites in securing their land. People Achsah, Addar, Ahiman, Anak, Anakites, Arba, Ben, Bohan, Cain, Caleb, Dagon, Debir, Dumah, Eder, Eglon, Ephron, Gad, Gedor, Hezron, Hoglah, Jebusites, Jephunneh, Jezreel, Joshua, Kenaz, Maon, Naamah, Othniel, Pelet, Reuben, Seir, Shamir, Shema, Sheshai, Shual, Talmai, Tappuah, Telem, Timnah, ZurPlaces Achzib, Adadah, Addar, Adullam, Adummim, Ain, Akrabbim, Amam, Anab, Anim, Aphekah, Arab, Ashan, Ashdod, Ashnah, Azekah, Baalah, Bealoth, Beersheba, Beth-anoth, Beth-arabah, Beth-dagan, Beth-hoglah, Beth-pelet, Beth-shemesh, Beth-tappuah, Beth-zur, Biziothiah, Bozkath, Brook of Egypt, Cabbon, Carmel, Chesalon, Chesil, Chitlish, City of Salt, Dannah, Debir, Dilean, Dimonah, Dumah, Eder, Edom, Eglon, Ekron, Eltekon, Eltolad, Enam, En-gannim, Engedi, En-rogel, En-shemesh, Eshan, Eshtaol, Eshtemoh, Ether, Ezem, Gaza, Gederah, Gederoth, Gederothaim, Gedor, Gibeah, Gilgal, Giloh, Great Sea, Hadashah, Halhul, Hazar-gaddah, Hazar-shual, Hazor, Hazor-hadattah, Hebron, Heshmon, Hezron, Holon, Hormah, Humtah, Iim, Iphtah, Ithnan, Jabneel, Jagur, Janim, Jarmuth, Jattir, Jebus, Jerusalem, Jokdeam, Joktheel, Jordan River, Juttah, Kabzeel, Kadesh-barnea, Kain, Keilah, Kerioth-hezron, Kinah, Kiriath-arba, Kiriath-baal, Kiriath-jearim, Kiriath-sannah, Kiriath-sepher, Lachish, Lahmam, Lebaoth, Libnah, Maarath, Madmannah, Makkedah, Maon, Mareshah, Middin, Migdal-gad, Mizpeh, Moladah, Mount Baalah, Mount Ephron, Mount Jearim, Mount Seir, Negeb, Nephtoah, Nezib, Nibshan, Rabbah, Rimmon, Salt Sea, Sansannah, Secacah, Shaaraim, Shamir, Shema, Shikkeron, Shilhim, Socoh, Tappuah, Telem, Timnah, Valley of Achor, Valley of Hinnom, Valley of Rephaim, Zanoah, Zenan, Ziklag, Zin, Zior, Ziph, ZorahTopics Adar, Addar, Akrabbim, Akrab'bim, Along, Ascended, Ascent, Barnea, Compass, Continued, Curved, Direction, Fetched, Goes, Hezron, Kadesh, Kadeshbarnea, Kadesh-barnea, Ka'desh-bar'nea, Karka, Karkaa, Karkaah, Maalehacrabbim, Maaleh-acrabbim, Maaleh-akrabbim, Pass, Passed, Passes, Past, Proceeded, Ran, Round, Scorpion, Slope, South, Southward, Turning, Turns, ZinDictionary of Bible Themes Joshua 15:1-63 5235 boundary
7266 tribes of Israel Joshua 15:2-3 4357 salt Library The Sea of Sodom
The bounds of Judea, on both sides, are the sea; the western bound is the Mediterranean,--the eastern, the Dead sea, or the sea of Sodom. This the Jewish writers every where call, which you may not so properly interpret here, "the salt sea," as "the bituminous sea." In which sense word for word, "Sodom's salt," but properly "Sodom's bitumen," doth very frequently occur among them. The use of it was in the holy incense. They mingled 'bitumen,' 'the amber of Jordan,' and [an herb known to few], with …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and HebraicaTiglath-Pileser iii. And the Organisation of the Assyrian Empire from 745 to 722 B. C.
TIGLATH-PILESER III. AND THE ORGANISATION OF THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE FROM 745 to 722 B.C. FAILURE OF URARTU AND RE-CONQUEST Of SYRIA--EGYPT AGAIN UNITED UNDER ETHIOPIAN AUSPICES--PIONKHI--THE DOWNFALL OF DAMASCUS, OF BABYLON, AND OF ISRAEL. Assyria and its neighbours at the accession of Tiglath-pileser III.: progress of the Aramaeans in the basin of the Middle Tigris--Urartu and its expansion into the north of Syria--Damascus and Israel--Vengeance of Israel on Damascus--Jeroboam II.--Civilisation …
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 7 John the Baptist --visit of Jesus to John, and his Abode in the Desert of Judea --Adoption of the Baptism of John.
An extraordinary man, whose position, from the absence of documentary evidence, remains to us in some degree enigmatical, appeared about this time, and was unquestionably to some extent connected with Jesus. This connection tended rather to make the young prophet of Nazareth deviate from his path; but it suggested many important accessories to his religious institution, and, at all events, furnished a very strong authority to his disciples in recommending their Master in the eyes of a certain class …
Ernest Renan—The Life of Jesus Divers Matters.
I. Beth-cerem, Nehemiah 3:14. "The stones, as well of the altar, as of the ascent to the altar, were from the valley of Beth-cerem, which they digged out beneath the barren land. And thence they are wont to bring whole stones, upon which the working iron came not." The fathers of the traditions, treating concerning the blood of women's terms, reckon up five colours of it; among which that, "which is like the water of the earth, out of the valley of Beth-cerem."--Where the Gloss writes thus, "Beth-cerem …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica Epistle xxvi. To Theoctista, Patrician
To Theoctista, Patrician [1704] Gregory to Theoctista, &c. That your Excellency, though placed in so great a tumult of affairs, is full of the fruitfulness of the sacred word, and incessantly pants after eternal joys, for this I give great thanks to Almighty God, in that in you I see fulfilled what is written of the elect fathers, But the children of Israel walked on dry land through the midst of the sea (Exod. xv. 19). But on the other hand, I am come into the depth of the sea, and the storm hath …
Saint Gregory the Great—the Epistles of Saint Gregory the Great Emmaus. Kiriath-Jearim.
"From Beth-horon to Emmaus it was hilly."--It was sixty furlongs distant from Jerusalem.--"To eight hundred only, dismissed the army, (Vespasian) gave a place, called Ammaus, for them to inhabit: it is sixty furlongs distant from Jerusalem." I inquire, whether this word hath the same etymology with Emmaus near Tiberias, which, from the 'warm baths,' was called Chammath. The Jews certainly do write this otherwise... "The family (say they) of Beth-Pegarim, and Beth Zipperia was out of Emmaus."--The …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica The Coast of the Asphaltites, the Essenes. En-Gedi.
"On the western shore" (of the Asphaltites) "dwell the Essenes; whom persons, guilty of any crimes, fly from on every side. A nation it is that lives alone, and of all other nations in the whole world, most to be admired; they are without any woman; all lust banished, &c. Below these, was the town Engadda, the next to Jerusalem for fruitfulness, and groves of palm-trees, now another burying-place. From thence stands Massada, a castle in a rock, and this castle not far from the Asphaltites." Solinus, …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica And thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, too little to be among the thousands of Judah
"And thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, too little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall come forth unto Me (one) [Pg 480] to be Ruler in Israel; and His goings forth are the times of old, the days of eternity." The close connection of this verse with what immediately precedes (Caspari is wrong in considering iv. 9-14 as an episode) is evident, not only from the [Hebrew: v] copulative, and from the analogy of the near relation of the announcement of salvation to the prophecy of disaster …
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament Moses and his Writings
[Illustration: (drop cap W) Clay letter tablet of Moses' time.] We now begin to understand a little of the very beginning of God's Book--of the times in which it was written, the materials used by its first author, and the different kinds of writing from which he had to choose; but we must go a step farther. How much did Moses know about the history of his forefathers, Abraham and Jacob, and of all the old nations and kings mentioned in Genesis, before God called him to the great work of writing …
Mildred Duff—The Bible in its Making The Power of Assyria at Its Zenith; Esarhaddon and Assur-Bani-Pal
The Medes and Cimmerians: Lydia--The conquest of Egypt, of Arabia, and of Elam. As we have already seen, Sennacherib reigned for eight years after his triumph; eight years of tranquillity at home, and of peace with all his neighbours abroad. If we examine the contemporary monuments or the documents of a later period, and attempt to glean from them some details concerning the close of his career, we find that there is a complete absence of any record of national movement on the part of either Elam, …
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 8 Some Helps to Mourning
Having removed the obstructions, let me in the last place propound some helps to holy mourning. 1 Set David's prospect continually before you. My sin is ever before me' (Psalm 51:3). David, that he might be a mourner, kept his eye full upon sin. See what sin is, and then tell me if there be not enough in it to draw forth tears. I know not what name to give it bad enough. One calls it the devil's excrement. Sin is a complication of all evils. It is the spirits of mischief distilled. Sin dishonours …
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12 Sennacherib (705-681 B. C. )
The struggle of Sennacherib with Judaea and Egypt--Destruction of Babylon. Sennacherib either failed to inherit his father's good fortune, or lacked his ability.* He was not deficient in military genius, nor in the energy necessary to withstand the various enemies who rose against him at widely removed points of his frontier, but he had neither the adaptability of character nor the delicate tact required to manage successfully the heterogeneous elements combined under his sway. * The two principal …
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 8 Kadesh. Rekam, and that Double. Inquiry is Made, Whether the Doubling it in the Maps is Well Done.
The readers of the eastern interpreters will observe, that Kadesh is rendered by all Rekam, or in a sound very near it. In the Chaldee, it is 'Rekam': in the Syriac, 'Rekem': in the Arabic, 'Rakim'... There are two places noted by the name Rekam in the very bounds of the land,--to wit, the southern and eastern: that is, a double Kadesh. I. Of Kadesh, or Rekam, in the south part, there is no doubt. II. Of it, in the eastern part, there is this mention: "From Rekam to the east, and Rekam is as the …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica Joshua
The book of Joshua is the natural complement of the Pentateuch. Moses is dead, but the people are on the verge of the promised land, and the story of early Israel would be incomplete, did it not record the conquest of that land and her establishment upon it. The divine purpose moves restlessly on, until it is accomplished; so "after the death of Moses, Jehovah spake to Joshua," i. 1. The book falls naturally into three divisions: (a) the conquest of Canaan (i.-xii.), (b) the settlement of the …
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament Links Joshua 15:3 NIVJoshua 15:3 NLTJoshua 15:3 ESVJoshua 15:3 NASBJoshua 15:3 KJV
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