Joshua 11:1

Now when Jabin king of Hazor heard about these things, he sent word to Jobab king of Madon; to the kings of Shimron and Achshaph;

Study Bible

Now when Jabin king of Hazor heard of this
The name "Jabin" is significant in the context of Canaanite kings, as it appears to be a dynastic title rather than a personal name. Hazor was a major city in northern Canaan, known for its strategic and economic importance. Archaeological excavations have revealed that Hazor was a large and fortified city, which aligns with its depiction in the Bible as a powerful Canaanite stronghold. The phrase "heard of this" refers to the preceding victories of Joshua and the Israelites, which would have been alarming to the Canaanite kings. The Hebrew root for "heard" (שָׁמַע, shama) implies not just hearing but understanding and responding, indicating that Jabin was not merely informed but was moved to action.

he sent word to Jobab king of Madon
The act of sending word suggests a call to arms or a diplomatic effort to form an alliance. "Jobab" is a name that appears elsewhere in the Bible, often associated with nobility or leadership. Madon, like Hazor, was a city-state in Canaan, though less is known about it archaeologically. The mention of these kings highlights the political landscape of Canaan, where city-states operated independently but could unite against common threats. The Hebrew root for "sent" (שָׁלַח, shalach) conveys the idea of dispatching with purpose, indicating Jabin's urgency in rallying support.

to the kings of Shimron and Achshaph
Shimron and Achshaph were additional city-states in the region, each with its own king. The inclusion of multiple kings underscores the widespread alarm among the Canaanites and their willingness to form a coalition against the Israelites. Historically, such alliances were common in the ancient Near East when facing a formidable enemy. The Hebrew word for "kings" (מְלָכִים, melachim) is plural, emphasizing the collective effort and the scale of the opposition. This coalition reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to give Israel the land, as the unification of these kings against Israel sets the stage for a significant demonstration of God's power and faithfulness.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jabin, King of Hazor
Jabin is the king of Hazor, a significant Canaanite city. His name means "whom God observes," and he plays a central role in organizing a coalition against Israel.

2. Hazor
A major Canaanite city located in northern Israel. It was a powerful city-state and a strategic military location.

3. Jobab, King of Madon
Another Canaanite king who joins Jabin's coalition. Madon is less prominent in biblical history but is part of the northern alliance.

4. Shimron
A city whose king joins the coalition against Israel. It is mentioned as part of the northern confederation.

5. Achshaph
Another city-state involved in the coalition. Like Shimron, it is part of the northern alliance against Israel.

Teaching Points

The Reality of Opposition
Just as Israel faced coalitions against them, Christians today may face opposition. We should be prepared for spiritual battles and rely on God's strength.

The Importance of Leadership
Jabin's role as a leader in organizing opposition highlights the influence leaders have. Christian leaders should use their influence to unite believers in faith and purpose.

God's Sovereignty in Battle
Despite the formidable coalition, God is in control. Believers can trust in God's sovereignty over their circumstances.

Unity Among Believers
The coalition of kings against Israel serves as a reminder of the power of unity. Christians are called to unite in love and purpose to advance God's kingdom.

Faith Over Fear
Israel's history shows that faith in God leads to victory, even against overwhelming odds. Believers are encouraged to choose faith over fear in their daily lives.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the coalition led by Jabin reflect the challenges Christians face today in a world often opposed to biblical values?

2. In what ways can Christian leaders today learn from Jabin's leadership, both positively and negatively?

3. How does the account of Jabin and the northern coalition encourage you to trust in God's sovereignty in your own life?

4. What are some practical ways you can promote unity within your church or Christian community, in light of the coalition's unity against Israel?

5. Reflect on a time when you faced a "coalition" of challenges. How did your faith in God help you overcome fear and find victory?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Judges 4-5
The account of another Jabin, king of Hazor, and his oppression of Israel, which is ended by Deborah and Barak. This shows the recurring theme of Hazor's opposition to Israel.

Psalm 83
A psalm that speaks of a coalition of nations conspiring against Israel, similar to the coalition led by Jabin.

Deuteronomy 20:1-4
Instructions for Israel when facing enemies in battle, emphasizing reliance on God, which is relevant to the context of Joshua 11.