Isaiah 45:3
I will give you the treasures of darkness and the riches hidden in secret places, so that you may know that I am the LORD, the God of Israel, who calls you by name.
I will give you
This phrase signifies a divine promise and assurance from God. The Hebrew root for "give" is "נָתַן" (natan), which implies a deliberate and generous act of bestowing. In the context of Isaiah, God is speaking to Cyrus, the Persian king, whom He has chosen to fulfill His purposes. This highlights God's sovereignty and His ability to use anyone, even those outside the covenant community, to accomplish His divine will.

the treasures of darkness
The term "treasures" comes from the Hebrew "אוֹצָר" (otzar), meaning a storehouse or a treasury. "Darkness" in Hebrew is "חֹשֶׁךְ" (choshech), often symbolizing obscurity or the unknown. This phrase suggests that God has control over all things, even those hidden from human sight or understanding. It implies that God can reveal and provide from sources that are beyond human perception, emphasizing His omniscience and omnipotence.

and the hidden riches of secret places
"Hidden riches" translates from "מַטְמוֹן" (matmon), meaning hidden treasures, and "secret places" from "מִסְתָּר" (mistar), indicating concealed or secret locations. This reinforces the idea that God has access to all resources, even those that are concealed from human view. Historically, this could refer to the wealth of nations that Cyrus would conquer, but spiritually, it speaks to the profound and often unseen blessings that God can bestow upon His people.

so that you may know
This phrase underscores the purpose of God's actions: revelation and relationship. The Hebrew "יָדַע" (yada) for "know" implies an intimate understanding or recognition. God's intention is not merely to provide material wealth but to lead to a deeper knowledge of Him. This reflects the biblical theme that God's blessings are ultimately meant to draw people closer to Him.

that I am the LORD
The name "LORD" is the translation of "יְהוָה" (YHWH), the personal and covenantal name of God. This declaration is a reminder of God's eternal and unchanging nature. It emphasizes His authority and faithfulness to His promises. In the context of Isaiah, it serves as a reassurance to Israel of God's continued presence and power.

the God of Israel
This phrase identifies God as the deity specifically in covenant with Israel. It highlights the special relationship between God and His chosen people. Despite using a foreign king like Cyrus, God remains the God of Israel, faithful to His covenant and promises.

who calls you by name
The act of calling by name signifies a personal and intentional choice. In Hebrew, "קָרָא" (qara) means to call or summon. This indicates God's intimate knowledge and purposeful selection of individuals for His plans. For Cyrus, it was a call to liberate Israel; for believers, it is a reminder of God's personal involvement in their lives.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Cyrus
The Persian king whom God anointed to deliver Israel from Babylonian captivity. Though a pagan king, God used him to fulfill His purposes.

2. Israel
The chosen people of God, who were in exile during the time of Isaiah's prophecy. This verse reassures them of God's sovereignty and provision.

3. Babylon
The empire that held Israel captive. The treasures mentioned could refer to the wealth of Babylon that Cyrus would conquer.

4. Darkness and Secret Places
Symbolic of the unknown and hidden resources that God promises to reveal and provide for His purposes.

5. The LORD (Yahweh)
The covenant name of God, emphasizing His personal relationship with Israel and His sovereign power over nations.
Teaching Points
God's Sovereignty and Provision
God is in control of all resources and can provide from unexpected places. Trust in His provision even when circumstances seem dark or uncertain.

Purpose in Revelation
God reveals hidden treasures not just for material gain but to deepen our understanding of His nature and His calling on our lives.

Personal Calling
Just as God called Cyrus by name, He knows each of us personally and has a specific purpose for our lives. Seek to understand and fulfill your divine calling.

Spiritual Riches Over Material Wealth
While God may provide materially, the true treasures are spiritual insights and a deeper relationship with Him. Prioritize spiritual growth.

Faith in Action
Act on the knowledge that God is the one who calls and equips you. Step out in faith, trusting that He will provide what is needed for His purposes.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does understanding God's sovereignty in Isaiah 45:3 impact your view of current world events?

2. In what ways can you seek the "hidden riches" of God's wisdom in your daily life, as encouraged in Proverbs 2:4-5?

3. Reflect on a time when God provided for you in an unexpected way. How did this experience deepen your faith?

4. How can you discern and pursue the specific calling God has for your life, as He called Cyrus by name?

5. What steps can you take to prioritize spiritual riches over material wealth, in light of Matthew 6:19-21?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Isaiah 41:2-4
This passage also speaks of God raising up a ruler from the east (Cyrus) to fulfill His purposes, highlighting God's control over history.

Daniel 2:21-22
Daniel acknowledges God as the one who reveals deep and hidden things, similar to the treasures of darkness mentioned in Isaiah 45:3.

Proverbs 2:4-5
Encourages seeking wisdom as one would search for hidden treasures, paralleling the idea of God revealing hidden riches.

Matthew 6:19-21
Jesus teaches about storing treasures in heaven, contrasting earthly treasures with spiritual riches.

Ephesians 1:18
Paul prays for believers to have enlightened hearts to know the riches of God's glorious inheritance, echoing the theme of revealed treasures.
Did Cyrus Acknowledge Jehovah?Records of the PastIsaiah 45:3
Spiritual MineralogyH. Christopherson.Isaiah 45:3
Treasures of DarknessD. Davies.Isaiah 45:3
Treasures of DarknessH. H. Dobney.Isaiah 45:3
The Unfelt Hand on the Human HeartW. Clarkson Isaiah 45:1-5
CyrusProf. A. H. Sayce, LL. D.Isaiah 45:1-6
Cyrus, God's ToolProf. G. A. Smith, D. D.Isaiah 45:1-6
Cyrus: His CharacterProf. G. A. Smith, D. D.Isaiah 45:1-6
Loosing the Loins of KingsR. Macculloch.Isaiah 45:1-6
Special Divine Instrumentalities in the World's RenovationS. W. Fisher, D. D.Isaiah 45:1-6
The Victories of CyrusJ. R. Macduff, D. D.Isaiah 45:1-6
Cyrus the Anointed of JehovahE. Johnson Isaiah 45:1-8
God Going BeforeJ. Parker, D. D.Isaiah 45:2-3
Treasures of DarknessJ. C. Philpot.Isaiah 45:2-3
People
Cyrus, Isaiah, Jacob
Places
Cush, Egypt, Jerusalem
Topics
Calling, Calls, Dark, Darkness, Hidden, Hoards, Mayest, Places, Riches, Secret, Stored, Stores, Summons, Treasures, Wealth
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Isaiah 45:3

     5043   names, significance

Isaiah 45:1-7

     5857   fame

Isaiah 45:3-4

     5027   knowledge, God's of humanity

Isaiah 45:3-6

     8135   knowing God, nature of

Library
Hidden and Revealed
'Verily thou art a God that hidest Thyself, O God of Israel, the Saviour.... I have not spoken in secret, in a dark place of the earth; I said not unto the seed of Jacob, Seek ye Me in vain: I the Lord speak righteousness, I declare things that are right.'--ISAIAH xlv, 15,19. The former of these verses expresses the thoughts of the prophet in contemplating the close of a great work of God's power which issues in the heathen's coming to Israel and acknowledging God. He adores the depth of the divine
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Sovereignty and Salvation
"Ere since by faith I saw the stream His flowing wounds supply, Redeeming love has been my theme, And shall be till I die." I shall never forget that day, while memory holds its place; nor can I help repeating this text whenever I remember that hour when first I knew the Lord. How strangely gracious! How wonderfully and marvelously kind, that he who heard these words so little time ago for his own soul's profit, should now address you this morning as his hearers from the same text, in the full and
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 2: 1856

The Solar Eclipse
I shall note this morning, in addressing you, that since the Lord creates darkness as well as light; first of all, eclipses of every kind are part of God's way of governing the world; in the second place, we shall notice that since God creates the darkness as well as the light, we may conclude beyond a doubt that he has a design in the eclipse--in the darkness as well as the light; and then, thirdly, we shall notice that as all things that God has created, whether they be light or whether they be
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 4: 1858

Ecce Homo
"Look unto Me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth."--Is. xlv. 22. Mechthild of Hellfde, 1277. tr., Emma Frances Bevan, 1899 Wilt thou, sinner, be converted? Christ the Lord of glory see By His own denied, deserted, Bleeding, bound, and scourged for thee. Look again, O soul, behold Him On the cross uplifted high; See the precious life-blood flowing, See the tears that dim His eye. Love has pierced the heart that brake, Loveless sinner, for thy sake. Hearken till thy heart is broken To His
Frances Bevan—Hymns of Ter Steegen and Others (Second Series)

The Eve of the Restoration
'Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying, 2. Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, The Lord God of heaven hath given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and He hath charged me to build Him a house at Jerusalem, which is in Judah. 3. Who is there among you of all His people? his God
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Jehovah-Shammah: a Glorious Name for the New Year
THESE words may be used as a test as well as a text. They may serve for examination as well as consolation, and at the beginning of a year they may fulfill this useful double purpose. In any case they are full of marrow and fatness to those whose spiritual taste is purified. It is esteemed by the prophet to be the highest blessing that could come upon a city that its name should be, "JEHOVAH-SHAMMAH, The Lord is there." Even Jerusalem, in its best estate, would have this for its crowning blessing:
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 37: 1891

The Eternity and Unchangeableness of God.
Exod. iii. 14.--"I AM THAT I AM."--Psal. xc. 2.--"Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting thou art God."--Job xi. 7-9.--"Canst thou by searching find out God? canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection? It is as high as heaven; what canst thou do? deeper than hell; what canst thou know? The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea." This is the chief point of saving knowledge,
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Of Four Things which Bring Great Peace
"My Son, now will I teach thee the way of peace and of true liberty." 2. Do, O my Lord, as Thou sayest, for this is pleasing unto me to hear. 3. "Strive, My Son, to do another's will rather than thine own. Choose always to have less rather than more. Seek always after the lowest place, and to be subject to all. Wish always and pray that the will of God be fulfilled in thee. Behold, such a man as this entereth into the inheritance of peace and quietness." 4. O my Lord, this Thy short discourse
Thomas A Kempis—Imitation of Christ

Covenanting According to the Purposes of God.
Since every revealed purpose of God, implying that obedience to his law will be given, is a demand of that obedience, the announcement of his Covenant, as in his sovereignty decreed, claims, not less effectively than an explicit law, the fulfilment of its duties. A representation of a system of things pre-determined in order that the obligations of the Covenant might be discharged; various exhibitions of the Covenant as ordained; and a description of the children of the Covenant as predestinated
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

A Plain Description of the Essence and Attributes of God, Out of the Holy Scripture, So Far as Every Christian must Competently Know, and Necessarily Believe, that Will be Saves.
Although no creature can define what God is, because he is incomprehensible (Psal. cxliii. 3) and dwelling in inaccessible light (1 Tim. vi. 16); yet it has pleased his majesty to reveal himself to us in his word, so far as our weak capacity can best conceive him. Thus: God is that one spiritual and infinitely perfect essence, whose being is of himself eternally (Deut. i. 4; iv. 35; xxxii. 39; vi. 4; Isa. xlv. 5-8; 1 Cor. viii. 4; Eph. iv. 5, 6; 1 Tim. ii. 5; John iv. 24; 2 Cor. iii. 17; 1 Kings
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

The Unity of God
Q-5: ARE THERE MORE GODS THAN ONE? A: There is but one only, the living and true God. That there is a God has been proved; and those that will not believe the verity of his essence, shall feel the severity of his wrath. Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is one Lord.' Deut 6:6. He is the only God.' Deut 4:49. Know therefore this day, and consider it in thy heart, that the Lord he is God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath, there is none else.' A just God and a Saviour; there is none beside
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Spiritual Hunger Shall be Satisfied
They shall be filled. Matthew 5:6 I proceed now to the second part of the text. A promise annexed. They shall be filled'. A Christian fighting with sin is not like one that beats the air' (1 Corinthians 9:26), and his hungering after righteousness is not like one that sucks in only air, Blessed are they that hunger, for they shall be filled.' Those that hunger after righteousness shall be filled. God never bids us seek him in vain' (Isaiah 45:19). Here is an honeycomb dropping into the mouths of
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12

Thy Name: My Name
'I have called thee by thy name.'--ISAIAH xliii. 1. 'Every one that is called by My name.'--ISAIAH xliii. 7. Great stress is laid on names in Scripture. These two parallel and antithetic clauses bring out striking complementary relations between God and the collective Israel. But they are as applicable to each individual member of the true Israel of God. I. What does God's calling a man by his name imply? 1. Intimate knowledge. Adam naming the creatures. Christ naming His disciples. 2. Loving friendship.
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Extent of Messiah's Spiritual Kingdom
The kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of His Christ, and He shall reign for ever and ever! T he Kingdom of our Lord in the heart, and in the world, is frequently compared to a building or house, of which He Himself is both the Foundation and the Architect (Isaiah 28:16 and 54:11, 12) . A building advances by degrees (I Corinthians 3:9; Ephesians 2:20-22) , and while it is in an unfinished state, a stranger cannot, by viewing its present appearance, form an accurate judgment
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 2

Its Nature
Justification, strictly speaking, consists in God's imputing to His elect the righteousness of Christ, that alone being the meritorious cause or formal ground on which He pronounces them righteous: the righteousness of Christ is that to which God has respect when He pardons and accepts the sinner. By the nature of justification we have reference to the constituent elements of the same, which are enjoyed by the believer. These are, the non-imputation of guilt or the remission of sins, and second,
Arthur W. Pink—The Doctrine of Justification

The Theology of St. Hilary of Poitiers.
This Chapter offers no more than a tentative and imperfect outline of the theology of St. Hilary; it is an essay, not a monograph. Little attempt will be made to estimate the value of his opinions from the point of view of modern thought; little will be said about his relation to earlier and contemporary thought, a subject on which he is habitually silent, and nothing about the after fate of his speculations. Yet the task, thus narrowed, is not without its difficulties. Much more attention, it is
St. Hilary of Poitiers—The Life and Writings of St. Hilary of Poitiers

Gifts and Talents.
"And the Spirit of the Lord came upon him."--Judges iii. 10. We now consider the Holy Spirit's work in bestowing gifts, talents, and abilities upon artisans and professional men. Scripture declares that the special animation and qualification of persons for work assigned to them by God proceed from the Holy Spirit. The construction of the tabernacle required capable workmen, skilful carpenters, goldsmiths, and silversmiths, and masters in the arts of weaving and embroidering. Who will furnish Moses
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

Putting God to Work
"For from of old men have not heard, nor perceived by the ear, neither hath the eye seen a God beside thee who worketh for him that waiteth for him."--Isaiah 64:4. The assertion voiced in the title given this chapter is but another way of declaring that God has of His own motion placed Himself under the law of prayer, and has obligated Himself to answer the prayers of men. He has ordained prayer as a means whereby He will do things through men as they pray, which He would not otherwise do. Prayer
Edward M. Bounds—The Weapon of Prayer

Extent of Atonement.
VI. For whose benefit the atonement was intended. 1. God does all things for himself; that is, he consults his own glory and happiness, as the supreme and most influential reason for all his conduct. This is wise and right in him, because his own glory and happiness are infinitely the greatest good in and to the universe. He made the atonement to satisfy himself. "God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life."
Charles Grandison Finney—Systematic Theology

Messiah's Innocence vindicated
He was taken from prison and from judgment, and who shall declare his generation? For he was cut off out of the land of the living; for the transgression of my people was he stricken. L et not plain Christians be stumbled because there are difficulties in the prophetical parts of the Scriptures, and because translators and expositors sometimes explain them with some difference, as to the sense. Whatever directly relates to our faith, practice, and comfort, may be plainly collected from innumerable
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

Nature of Covenanting.
A covenant is a mutual voluntary compact between two parties on given terms or conditions. It may be made between superiors and inferiors, or between equals. The sentiment that a covenant can be made only between parties respectively independent of one another is inconsistent with the testimony of Scripture. Parties to covenants in a great variety of relative circumstances, are there introduced. There, covenant relations among men are represented as obtaining not merely between nation and nation,
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

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