Hebrews 7:18

So the former commandment is set aside because it was weak and useless

Study Bible

So
The word "so" serves as a conjunction, linking the preceding arguments to the conclusion being drawn. In the context of Hebrews, the author has been discussing the superiority of Christ's priesthood over the Levitical priesthood. This conjunction indicates a logical progression, emphasizing that what follows is a direct result of the previous discourse. The Greek word used here, "ἀθέτησις" (athesis), implies a setting aside or nullification, which is crucial in understanding the transition from the old covenant to the new.

the former commandment
This phrase refers to the Mosaic Law, specifically the commandments related to the Levitical priesthood. Historically, the Levitical priesthood was central to the Jewish faith, serving as the intermediary between God and His people. However, the "former commandment" is now being contrasted with the new covenant established through Jesus Christ. The Greek term "προαγούσης" (proagousēs) suggests something that has gone before, indicating the temporal and functional precedence of the Mosaic Law before the advent of Christ.

is set aside
The phrase "is set aside" indicates a deliberate action of nullification or annulment. The Greek word "ἀθέτησις" (athesis) conveys the idea of abolishing or rendering something ineffective. In the context of Hebrews, this setting aside is not a mere dismissal but a fulfillment and completion through Christ, who embodies the perfect priesthood. This reflects the transformative shift from the old covenant, which was based on the law, to the new covenant, which is based on grace and truth through Jesus.

because it was weak
The term "weak" highlights the inherent limitations of the Mosaic Law. The Greek word "ἀσθενές" (asthenes) means lacking strength or power. The law, while holy and righteous, was unable to bring about the perfection or complete reconciliation between God and humanity. It served as a tutor or guardian until the coming of Christ, who provides the strength and power to fulfill what the law could not.

and useless
The word "useless" further emphasizes the inadequacy of the old covenant in achieving the ultimate purpose of salvation and reconciliation with God. The Greek term "ἀνωφελές" (anopheles) suggests something that is unprofitable or ineffective. This does not mean the law was without purpose; rather, it was unable to bring about the desired end of perfect righteousness. In the grand narrative of Scripture, the law pointed to the need for a savior, fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who is both the perfect priest and the perfect sacrifice.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Author of Hebrews
Traditionally attributed to Paul, though the exact authorship is uncertain. The author writes to Jewish Christians, emphasizing the superiority of Christ's priesthood.

2. The Levitical Priesthood
The system of priests from the tribe of Levi, established under the Mosaic Law, which is being contrasted with the priesthood of Jesus.

3. Melchizedek
A priest-king mentioned earlier in Hebrews 7, whose order of priesthood is eternal and superior to the Levitical order.

4. Jesus Christ
Presented as the ultimate High Priest, whose priesthood is perfect and eternal, unlike the temporary and imperfect Levitical priesthood.

5. The Mosaic Law
The body of laws given to Israel through Moses, which included the regulations for the Levitical priesthood.

Teaching Points

The Imperfection of the Old Covenant
The Mosaic Law, while holy and good, was limited in its ability to perfect humanity. It served as a temporary measure pointing to the need for a better covenant.

The Superiority of Christ's Priesthood
Jesus, as our High Priest, offers a perfect and eternal priesthood. Unlike the Levitical priests, His sacrifice is once and for all, providing complete redemption.

The Transition from Law to Grace
Believers are no longer under the old covenant of the Law but under the new covenant of grace through faith in Jesus Christ. This transition calls for a shift in how we relate to God, focusing on faith and relationship rather than ritual and regulation.

The Role of the Law in the Life of a Believer
While the Law is set aside in terms of its priestly and sacrificial requirements, its moral teachings still guide believers in living a life that honors God.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the limitations of the Levitical priesthood enhance our appreciation for Jesus' role as our High Priest?

2. In what ways does the setting aside of the former commandment impact our daily walk with Christ?

3. How can we apply the concept of moving from law to grace in our interactions with others, especially those who may not yet know Christ?

4. What are some practical ways we can live out the moral teachings of the Law while embracing the freedom found in the new covenant?

5. How do the teachings in Hebrews 7:18 challenge us to rely more on Christ's sufficiency rather than our own efforts?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Hebrews 8:7-13
Discusses the new covenant, which makes the old one obsolete, similar to how the former commandment is set aside in Hebrews 7:18.

Galatians 3:19-25
Explains the purpose of the Law as a guardian until Christ came, highlighting its temporary nature and limitations.

Romans 8:3-4
Describes how the Law was weakened by the flesh and how God sent His Son to fulfill what the Law could not.