Genesis 38:13

When Tamar was told, "Your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his sheep,"

Study Bible

When Tamar was told
This phrase introduces the pivotal moment of awareness for Tamar. The Hebrew root for "told" is "נָגַד" (nagad), which means to declare or make known. This implies that Tamar received a deliberate communication, highlighting the importance of the information she was about to act upon. In the cultural context, news and messages were often conveyed orally, emphasizing the significance of spoken word in ancient societies. Tamar's awareness sets the stage for her decisive actions, reflecting her agency and determination within the narrative.

Your father-in-law
The term "father-in-law" refers to Judah, a key figure in the lineage of Israel. In Hebrew, "חָם" (cham) is used, denoting a familial relationship that carries both legal and social implications. Judah's role as Tamar's father-in-law is central to the unfolding events, as it underscores the obligations and expectations within the family structure. This relationship is crucial in understanding the cultural and legal backdrop of levirate marriage, where a brother-in-law was expected to marry the widow of his deceased brother to preserve the family line.

is going up to Timnah
The phrase "going up" is significant, as it reflects the geographical and spiritual ascent often associated with travel in biblical narratives. The Hebrew verb "עָלָה" (alah) means to go up or ascend, suggesting a purposeful journey. Timnah, a location in the tribal territory of Judah, was known for its agricultural activities, particularly sheep shearing. This journey to Timnah is not merely a physical movement but also a narrative device that sets the stage for the unfolding drama between Judah and Tamar.

to shear his sheep
Sheep shearing was a significant economic and social event in ancient times, often accompanied by festivities and gatherings. The Hebrew word for "shear" is "גָּזַז" (gazaz), indicating the act of cutting or trimming. This activity was crucial for the livelihood of pastoral communities, as it provided wool for clothing and trade. The mention of sheep shearing situates the narrative in a specific time of year, likely spring, and highlights the routine yet essential aspects of agrarian life. It also serves as a backdrop for the encounter between Judah and Tamar, where ordinary events lead to extraordinary outcomes in the biblical story.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Tamar
The widow of Er, Judah's firstborn, and later the widow of Onan. She is a central figure in this chapter, known for her determination to secure her rights and lineage within Judah's family.

2. Judah
One of the twelve sons of Jacob, and the father-in-law of Tamar. His actions and decisions are pivotal in this account, reflecting both personal and familial dynamics.

3. Timnah
A location in the tribal territory of Judah, known for its agricultural activities, particularly sheep shearing, which was a significant economic and social event.

4. Sheep Shearing
An important economic activity in ancient times, often associated with festivity and social gatherings. It sets the stage for the events that follow in the account.

5. The Messenger
Though not named, the person who informs Tamar of Judah's movements plays a crucial role in the unfolding of the account.

Teaching Points

Cultural Context and Customs
Understanding the cultural practice of levirate marriage is crucial to grasping Tamar's motivations and actions. This custom was designed to protect widows and ensure the continuation of a family line.

God's Sovereignty in Human Affairs
Despite human failings and complex situations, God's purposes prevail. Tamar's account is a testament to God's ability to work through imperfect circumstances to fulfill His promises.

Righteousness and Justice
Tamar's actions, though unconventional, highlight a pursuit of justice and righteousness within her cultural context. Her determination to secure her rights challenges us to consider how we advocate for justice today.

The Role of Women in God's Plan
Tamar's inclusion in the genealogy of Jesus underscores the significant role women play in God's redemptive history. Her account encourages us to recognize and value the contributions of women in the faith community.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the cultural practice of levirate marriage in Genesis 38:13 inform our understanding of Tamar's actions and motivations?

2. In what ways does the account of Tamar and Judah illustrate God's sovereignty and ability to work through human imperfections?

3. How can Tamar's pursuit of justice and righteousness inspire us to advocate for fairness and equity in our own communities?

4. What lessons can we learn from Tamar's account about the role of women in God's redemptive plan, and how can we apply these lessons in our church communities today?

5. How does the inclusion of Tamar in the genealogy of Jesus (Matthew 1:3) impact our understanding of God's grace and the unfolding of His salvation plan?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 38:6-11
Provides background on Tamar's marriages to Judah's sons and the cultural practice of levirate marriage, which sets the stage for her actions in verse 13.

Ruth 4:12
Connects to the theme of levirate marriage and the continuation of a family line, as seen in the account of Ruth and Boaz, which also involves the tribe of Judah.

Matthew 1:3
Highlights Tamar's inclusion in the genealogy of Jesus, emphasizing the significance of her actions and their impact on biblical history.