Genesis 3:1
Now the serpent was more crafty than any beast of the field that the LORD God had made. And he said to the woman, "Did God really say, 'You must not eat from any tree in the garden?'"
Now the serpent
The Hebrew word for "serpent" is "נָחָשׁ" (nachash), which can mean a literal snake or a creature with a serpentine nature. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, serpents were often seen as symbols of chaos, deception, and sometimes wisdom. The serpent here is not just a creature but a representation of Satan, as later scriptures like Revelation 12:9 identify. This sets the stage for the spiritual battle between good and evil, highlighting the serpent's role as an adversary to God's creation.

was more crafty
The Hebrew word "עָרוּם" (arum) is translated as "crafty" or "shrewd." This word can have a positive connotation of prudence or wisdom, but in this context, it implies cunning and deceit. The serpent's craftiness is a perversion of wisdom, using intelligence for manipulation rather than truth. This characteristic is crucial in understanding the nature of temptation and sin, as it often presents itself in a guise of wisdom or benefit.

than any beast of the field
The phrase "beast of the field" refers to all the living creatures that God created. The serpent's craftiness is set in contrast to the innocence and straightforwardness of other animals. This distinction emphasizes the unique role the serpent plays in the narrative, as it operates with a level of intentionality and malice not found in other creatures.

that the LORD God had made
The use of "LORD God" (Yahweh Elohim) underscores the sovereignty and authority of God as the Creator. It reminds the reader that everything, including the serpent, is under God's dominion. This phrase serves as a backdrop to the ensuing events, highlighting the rebellion against divine order and the misuse of God-given abilities.

And he said to the woman
The serpent's direct address to the woman, Eve, marks the beginning of the temptation. This interaction is significant because it bypasses Adam, who was given the original command by God. The serpent's approach to Eve suggests a strategic move to undermine the order established by God, sowing seeds of doubt and division.

'Did God really say
The serpent's question introduces doubt and challenges the clarity and authority of God's word. This tactic is a common strategy of temptation, where the truth is questioned and twisted. The phrase "Did God really say" is the first recorded instance of God's word being questioned, setting a precedent for the spiritual battles that follow throughout scripture.

‘You must not eat from any tree in the garden’?'
The serpent's distortion of God's command is subtle yet significant. God had actually said, "You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil" (Genesis 2:16-17). By exaggerating the prohibition, the serpent paints God as restrictive and unfair, appealing to human desires for autonomy and understanding. This misrepresentation is a classic example of how truth can be manipulated to lead to disobedience and sin.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The Serpent
Described as "more crafty than any beast of the field," the serpent is a key figure in the temptation of Eve. The Hebrew word for "crafty" is (arum), which implies shrewdness or cunning. The serpent is often understood to be a representation of Satan, who uses deception to lead humanity into sin.

2. The Woman (Eve)
Eve is the first woman, created by God as a companion for Adam. In this passage, she is approached by the serpent and becomes the target of his deceit.

3. The Garden of Eden
The setting for this event, the Garden of Eden is a place of perfection and communion with God. It represents the ideal state of creation before the fall.

4. The LORD God
The Creator of all things, including the serpent and humanity. His command regarding the tree is central to the account.

5. The Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
Although not mentioned directly in this verse, it is the tree from which God commanded Adam and Eve not to eat. The serpent's question challenges God's command regarding this tree.
Teaching Points
The Nature of Temptation
Temptation often begins with questioning God's Word. The serpent's question, "Did God really say?" is a tactic used to sow doubt and confusion. Believers must be grounded in Scripture to recognize and resist such tactics.

The Importance of Knowing God's Word
Eve's encounter with the serpent highlights the necessity of knowing and understanding God's commands. Misunderstanding or misquoting Scripture can lead to vulnerability in the face of temptation.

The Subtlety of Deception
The serpent's craftiness is a reminder that deception can be subtle and appealing. Christians must be vigilant and discerning, relying on the Holy Spirit for wisdom.

The Consequences of Disobedience
Although not detailed in this verse, the broader account shows that disobedience to God's commands leads to severe consequences. Obedience to God is essential for maintaining a right relationship with Him.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the serpent's question in Genesis 3:1 challenge the authority and truth of God's Word, and how can we apply this understanding to our daily lives?

2. In what ways can we ensure that we are accurately understanding and applying God's commands, as seen in the context of Genesis 2:16-17?

3. How does the identification of the serpent as Satan in Revelation 12:9 influence our understanding of spiritual warfare and the nature of temptation?

4. Reflect on a time when you faced a subtle temptation. How did you respond, and what can you learn from Eve's encounter with the serpent to better handle future temptations?

5. Considering 2 Corinthians 11:3, how can we guard our hearts and minds against being led astray from pure devotion to Christ?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 2:16-17
This passage provides the context for the serpent's question, detailing God's command to Adam about not eating from the tree of knowledge of good and evil.

Revelation 12:9
Identifies the serpent as Satan, the deceiver of the whole world, providing a broader understanding of the serpent's role in Genesis 3.

2 Corinthians 11:3
Paul references the serpent's deception of Eve, warning believers about being led astray from pure devotion to Christ.
How Sin Came InAlexander MaclarenGenesis 3:1
The TempterW. Roberts Genesis 3:1
A Crafty QuestionH. Bonar, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
A Poisoned HonourW. Adamson.Genesis 3:1-6
A Serpent-Like TrickJ. Parker, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
A Talk About TemptationM. G. Pearse.Genesis 3:1-6
A Three-Fold TemptationH. Bonar, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
A Warning from Eve's FallBp. Babington.Genesis 3:1-6
Adam; Or, Human NatureA. Jukes.Genesis 3:1-6
After God Comes the DevilBp. Babington.Genesis 3:1-6
ApostasyH. Burder, M. A.Genesis 3:1-6
But Why Did God Give Adam This LawWatson, ThomasGenesis 3:1-6
Consciousness of the FallJ. Caird.Genesis 3:1-6
Consequences of the Fall, So Far as Respects AdamA. H. Strong, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
Danger of the EyeAlleine.Genesis 3:1-6
DearthW. Adamson.Genesis 3:1-6
Deceitfulness of SinA. Maclaren, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
Eastern Ideas Regarding the SerpentM. M. Kalisch, Ph. D.Genesis 3:1-6
Eve Parleying with the TempterH. Melvill, B. D.Genesis 3:1-6
God not the Author of SinH. Bonar, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
How Could God Justly Permit Satanic TemptationGenesis 3:1-6
Is Death a RealityS. A. Walker, B. A.Genesis 3:1-6
LessonsG. Hughes, B. D.Genesis 3:1-6
Lessons from the Fall of ManThe Homiletic ReviewGenesis 3:1-6
Little Sins If not PreventedJ. Spencer.Genesis 3:1-6
Longing for the ForbiddenGenesis 3:1-6
Man FallenT. Guthrie, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
Man's Enemy Makes His AppearanceH. Bonar, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
Man's Moral ConflictThe Preacher's MonthlyGenesis 3:1-6
ObservationsJ. White, M. A.Genesis 3:1-6
ObservationsJ. White, M. A.Genesis 3:1-6
ObservationsJ. White, M. A.Genesis 3:1-6
ObservationsGenesis 3:1-6
ObservationsJ. White, M. A.Genesis 3:1-6
Original SinGenesis 3:1-6
Original State of ManW. L. Alexander, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
Paradise Lost; Or, Man's FallW. S. Smith, B. D.Genesis 3:1-6
Probation, Temptation, and Fall of ManW. L. Alexander, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
Satan Attacks the Weakest PointBp. Babington.Genesis 3:1-6
Satan's Character Shown by the First TemptationJ. McConnell.Genesis 3:1-6
Satan's CommentaryGenesis 3:1-6
Satan's Counter-AssertionDean Alford.Genesis 3:1-6
Satan's QuestionJ. Vaughan, M. A.Genesis 3:1-6
Satan's Subtlety in TemptingWatson, ThomasGenesis 3:1-6
Satan's TemptationsDean Law.Genesis 3:1-6
Sin and DeathA. P. Foster, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
Sin, a DeceiverGenesis 3:1-6
Stages to RuinHomilistGenesis 3:1-6
Temptation and FallD. N. Sheldon.Genesis 3:1-6
Temptation and Fall of ManJames Parsons, M. A.Genesis 3:1-6
Temptation and Fall of ManJ. C. Gray.Genesis 3:1-6
Temptation of the First and of the Second ManDean Burgon.Genesis 3:1-6
Ten Sins in Adam's DisobedienceWatson, ThomasGenesis 3:1-6
Tests Designed for the Strengthening of VirtueGenesis 3:1-6
The Allurements of the TemptationL. Bonnet.Genesis 3:1-6
The Devil's BaitBp. Babington.Genesis 3:1-6
The Devil's QuestionsJ. White, M. A.Genesis 3:1-6
The FallJ. Burns, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
The FallM. Dods, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
The Fall of ManE. Blencowe, M. A.Genesis 3:1-6
The Fatal ChoiceThe Homiletic ReviewGenesis 3:1-6
The First Great TemptationJ. S. Exell, M. A.Genesis 3:1-6
The First LieJ. Burns, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
The First SinThe ProtoplastGenesis 3:1-6
The First SinJ. Ogle.Genesis 3:1-6
The First SinHomilistGenesis 3:1-6
The Great Danger of not Keeping Close to God's WordJ. Spencer.Genesis 3:1-6
The Husband Tempted Through the WifeWatson, ThomasGenesis 3:1-6
The Moral Aspect of the SensesHomilistGenesis 3:1-6
The Nature of the Test to Which Adam's Allegiance was PutR. Wardlaw, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
The Peril of CapacityJ. Parker, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
The Process of TemptationE. Monro, M. A.Genesis 3:1-6
The SerpentDean Law.Genesis 3:1-6
The Subtlety of the First TemptationR. S. Candlish, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
The TemptationR. Wardlaw, D. D.Genesis 3:1-6
The TemptationL. Bonnet.Genesis 3:1-6
The Temptation, the Fall, and the PromiseP. B. Davis.Genesis 3:1-6
The Woman and the SerpentJ. A. Macdonald.Genesis 3:1-6
Treachery of SinW. Adamson.Genesis 3:1-6
Use of the EyeManton, ThomasGenesis 3:1-6
The Moral Chaos Before the Moral RestorationR.A. Redford Genesis 3:1-7
People
Adam, Eve
Places
Eden
Topics
Animal, Animals, Beast, Crafty, Creature, Eat, Elohim, Field, Fruit, Garden, Indeed, Really, Serpent, Snake, Subtil, Subtile, Subtle, Tree, Truly, Wild, Wiser, Yea
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Genesis 3:1

     1670   symbols
     4648   goad
     5568   suffering, causes
     5884   indecision
     5948   shrewdness
     6250   temptation, sources
     8722   doubt, nature of
     8735   evil, origins of

Genesis 3:1-3

     4468   horticulture
     5081   Adam, life of

Genesis 3:1-4

     5355   invitations
     6146   deceit, and God

Genesis 3:1-5

     4121   Satan, enemy of God
     4122   Satan, tempter
     5483   punishment
     5804   charm
     5828   danger
     8715   dishonesty, and God

Genesis 3:1-6

     5020   human nature
     6022   sin, causes of
     6241   seduction
     8131   guidance, results
     8484   spiritual warfare, enemies

Genesis 3:1-7

     4438   eating
     4450   fruit
     5028   knowledge, God source of human
     5052   responsibility, to God
     6155   fall, of Adam and Eve

Genesis 3:1-8

     4241   Garden of Eden

Genesis 3:1-10

     5812   concealment

Genesis 3:1-13

     5031   knowledge, of sin
     5093   Eve
     8279   innocence, examples

Genesis 3:1-15

     4687   snake

Genesis 3:1-16

     5745   women

Genesis 3:1-24

     6023   sin, universality

Library
Eden Lost and Restored
'So He drove out the man: and He placed at the east of the garden of Eden cherubims and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life.' --GENESIS iii. 24. 'Blessed are they that do His commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.' REVELATION xxii. 14. Better is the end of a thing than the beginning.' Eden was fair, but the heavenly city shall be fairer. The Paradise regained is an advance on the Paradise
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

How Sin came In
'Now the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden? And the woman said unto the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden: But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die. And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die: For God doth know, that
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Ignorance of Evil.
"And the Lord God said, Behold, the man is become as one of Us, to know good and evil."--Gen. iii. 22. It is plain that the temptation under which man fell in paradise was this, an ambitious curiosity after knowledge which was not allowed him: next came the desire of the eyes and the flesh, but the forbidden tree was called the tree of knowledge; the Tempter promised knowledge; and after the fall Almighty God pronounced, as in the text, that man had gained it. "Behold, the man is become as
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VIII

God Willing that all Men Should be Saved.
"Who will have all Men to be saved,--." In verse first, the apostle directs "prayers and thanksgivings to be made for all men;"--which he declares to "be good and acceptable in the sight of God our Savior; who will have all men to be saved." Had salvation been provided for only a part of the human race, prayer and thanksgivings could have been, consistently made only for a part. Those for whom no provision was made, would be in like state with persons who have committed the sin unto death, for
Andrew Lee et al—Sermons on Various Important Subjects

Christ the Conqueror of Satan
Is it not remarkable that this great gospel promise should have been delivered so soon after the transgression? As yet no sentence had been pronounced upon either of the two human offenders, but the promise was given under the form of a sentence pronounced upon the serpent Not yet had the woman been condemned to painful travail, or the man to exhausting labour, or even the soil to the curse of thorn and thistle. Truly "mercy rejoiceth against judgment." Before the Lord had said "dust thou art and
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 22: 1876

On the Fall
(Sexagesima Sunday.) GENESIS iii. 12. And the man said, The woman, whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat. This morning we read the history of Adam's fall in the first Lesson. Now does this story seem strange to you, my friends? Do you say to yourselves, If I had been in Adam's place, I should never have been so foolish as Adam was? If you do say so, you cannot have looked at the story carefully enough. For if you do look at it carefully, I believe you will find
Charles Kingsley—The Good News of God

The Voice of the Lord God
(Preached also at the Chapel Royal, St. James, Sexagesima Sunday.) GENESIS iii. 8. And they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden in the cool of the day. These words would startle us, if we heard them for the first time. I do not know but that they may startle us now, often as we have heard them, if we think seriously over them. That God should appear to mortal man, and speak with mortal man. It is most wonderful. It is utterly unlike anything that we have ever seen, or that any
Charles Kingsley—The Gospel of the Pentateuch

The God of Nature (Preached During a Wet Harvest. )
PSALM cxlvii. 7-9. Sing unto the Lord with thanksgiving; sing praise upon the harp unto our God: who covereth the heaven with clouds, who prepareth rain for the earth, who maketh grass to grow upon the mountains. He giveth to the beast his food, and to the young ravens which cry. There is no reason why those who wrote this Psalm, and the one which follows it, should have looked more cheerfully on the world about them than we have a right to do. The country and climate of Judea is not much superior
Charles Kingsley—The Water of Life and Other Sermons

The Protevangelium.
As the mission of Christ was rendered necessary by the fall of man, so the first dark intimation of Him was given immediately after the fall. It is found in the sentence of punishment which was passed upon the tempter. Gen. iii. 14, 15. A correct understanding of it, however, can be obtained only after we have ascertained who the tempter was. It is, in the first place, unquestionable that a real serpent was engaged in the temptation; so that the opinion of those who maintain that the serpent is only
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

His Past Work.
His past work was accomplished by Him when he became incarnate. It was finished when He died on Calvary's cross. We have therefore to consider first of all these fundamentals of our faith. I. The Work of the Son of God is foreshadowed and predicted in the Old Testament Scriptures. II. The incarnation of the Son of God. III. His Work on the cross and what has been accomplished by it. I. Through the Old Testament Scriptures, God announced beforehand the work of His Son. This is a great theme and one
A. C. Gaebelein—The Work Of Christ

Adam's Sin
Q-15: WHAT WAS THE SIN WHEREBY OUR FIRST PARENTS FELL FROM THE ESTATE WHEREIN THEY WERE CREATED? A: That sin was eating the forbidden fruit. 'She took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also to her husband.' Gen 3:3. Here is implied, 1. That our first parents fell from their estate of innocence. 2. The sin by which they fell, was eating the forbidden fruit. I. Our first parents fell from their glorious state of innocence. God made man upright, but they have sought out many inventions.' Eccl
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

The First Lie.
"Ye shall not surely die."--GENESIS iii. 4. I.--WHO WAS THE FIRST LIAR? The old serpent, the devil, called elsewhere "the father of lies." But he had not always been a liar; he had fallen from a position very eminent, teaching us not to measure our safety by our condition. The higher we are elevated, the more dreadful the fall. Some of the most degraded vagrants were cradled in comfort, and have wandered from homes of splendour. Perhaps the vilest of the vile once were ministers of the Gospel.
Thomas Champness—Broken Bread

Adam. Gen 3:09
John Newton 8,6,8,6 ADAM. Gen 3:9 On man, in his own image made, How much did GOD bestow? The whole creation homage paid, And owned him LORD, below! He dwelt in Eden's garden, stored With sweets for every sense; And there with his descending LORD He walked in confidence. But O! by sin how quickly changed! His honor forfeited, His heart, from God and truth, estranged, His conscience filled with dread! Now from his Maker's voice he flees, Which was before his joy: And thinks to hide, amidst the
John Newton—Olney Hymns

Elucidations.
I. (We here behold only shadows, etc., p. 335.) Schleiermacher, [2821] in commenting on Plato's Symposium, remarks: "Even natural birth (i.e., in Plato's system) was nothing but a reproduction of the same eternal form and idea....The whole discussion displays the gradation, not only from that pleasure which arises from the contemplation of personal beauty through that which every larger object, whether single or manifold, may occasion, to that immediate pleasure of which the source is in the Eternal
Methodius—The Banquet of the Ten Virgins, or Concerning Chastity

Man's Responsibility for his Acts.
THE STORY OF THE GARDEN OF EDEN.--Gen. 3. Parallel Readings. Hist. Bible, Vol. I, 37-42. Drummond, Ideal Life, Chaps. on Sin. And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food and that it was a delight to the eye, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat; and she gave also unto her husband with her and he did eat. And the eyes of them both were opened and they beard the voice of Jehovah God walking in the garden in the cool of the
Charles Foster Kent—The Making of a Nation

Job's Faith and Expectation
I know that my Redeemer liveth, and that He shall stand in the latter day upon the earth. And though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God. C hristianity, that is, the religion of which MESSIAH is the author and object, the foundation, life, and glory, though not altogether as old as creation, is nearly so. It is coeval [contemporary] with the first promise and intimation of mercy given to fallen man. When Adam, by transgression, had violated the order and law of
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 2

Curiosity a Temptation to Sin.
"Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the way of evil men. Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it, and pass away."--Proverbs iv. 14, 15. The chief cause of the wickedness which is every where seen in the world, and in which, alas! each of us has more or less his share, is our curiosity to have some fellowship with darkness, some experience of sin, to know what the pleasures of sin are like. I believe it is even thought unmanly by many persons (though they may not like to say
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VIII

The Plan for the Coming of Jesus.
God's Darling, Psalms 8:5-8.--the plan for the new man--the Hebrew picture by itself--difference between God's plan and actual events--one purpose through breaking plans--the original plan--a starting point--getting inside. Fastening a Tether inside: the longest way around--the pedigree--the start. First Touches on the Canvas: the first touch, Genesis 3:15.--three groups of prediction--first group: to Abraham, Genesis 12:1-3; to Isaac, Genesis 26:1-5; to Jacob, Genesis 28:10-15; through Jacob,
S. D. Gordon—Quiet Talks about Jesus

"And the Life. " How Christ is the Life.
This, as the former, being spoken indefinitely, may be universally taken, as relating both to such as are yet in the state of nature, and to such as are in the state of grace, and so may be considered in reference to both, and ground three points of truth, both in reference to the one, and in reference to the other; to wit, 1. That our case is such as we stand in need of his help, as being the Life. 2. That no other way but by him, can we get that supply of life, which we stand in need of, for he
John Brown (of Wamphray)—Christ The Way, The Truth, and The Life

The Fulfilled Prophecies of the Bible Bespeak the Omniscience of Its Author
In Isaiah 41:21-23 we have what is probably the most remarkable challenge to be found in the Bible. "Produce your cause, saith the Lord; bring forth your strong reasons, saith the King of Jacob. Let them bring them forth, and show us what shall happen; let them show the former things, what they be, that we may consider them, and know the latter end of them; or declare us things for to come. Show the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know that ye are gods." This Scripture has both a negative
Arthur W. Pink—The Divine Inspiration of the Bible

On Earthly Things
The earth is man himself; in the gospel: another has fallen into the good earth. The same in a bad part about the sinner: you devour the earth all the days of your life. [Mark 4:18; Genesis 3:14] The dry lands are the flesh of a fruitless man; in Ecclesiastes, to work in a dry land with evil and sorrow. [Ecclesiastes 37:3] The dust is a sinner or the vanity of the flesh; in the psalm: like the dust, which the wind blows about. [Ps. 1:4 Vulgate] The mud is the gluttony of sinners; in the psalm: tear
St. Eucherius of Lyons—The Formulae of St. Eucherius of Lyons

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