Deuteronomy 16:19

Do not deny justice or show partiality. Do not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and twists the words of the righteous.

Study Bible

Do not deny justice
The Hebrew root for "justice" is "mishpat," which encompasses a broad sense of righteousness, fairness, and the proper order of things as ordained by God. In the ancient Near Eastern context, justice was not merely a legal term but a divine mandate. The Israelites were called to reflect God's character, who is just and righteous. Denying justice, therefore, was not just a social or legal failure but a spiritual one, undermining the very fabric of the covenant community.

or show partiality
The phrase "show partiality" comes from the Hebrew "nasa panim," literally meaning "to lift the face." This idiom refers to giving undue favor or preference, often based on external factors like wealth or status. In a society where tribal affiliations and social hierarchies were prominent, this command underscores the need for impartiality, reflecting God's impartial nature as seen in passages like Romans 2:11, "For God does not show favoritism."

Do not accept a bribe
The prohibition against accepting a bribe is rooted in the Hebrew word "shochad," which implies a gift given with the intent to corrupt judgment. Bribery was a common practice in ancient times, often leading to the perversion of justice. This command highlights the importance of integrity and the dangers of allowing material gain to influence moral and ethical decisions. It serves as a reminder that true justice is not for sale and that leaders are accountable to God for their actions.

for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise
The imagery of blinding the eyes is powerful, suggesting that even those who are wise and discerning can be led astray by the allure of wealth. The Hebrew word for "wise" is "chakam," indicating those who are skilled in understanding and applying God's law. This warning serves as a cautionary tale that wisdom alone is not enough; it must be coupled with a steadfast commitment to righteousness and truth.

and twists the words of the righteous
The phrase "twists the words" comes from the Hebrew "salaph," meaning to pervert or distort. This suggests that bribery not only affects judgment but also corrupts communication and truth. The "righteous," or "tzaddikim," are those who live in accordance with God's will. This part of the verse emphasizes the destructive power of corruption, which can undermine the very words and actions of those who strive to live justly. It is a call to uphold truth and integrity in all dealings, reflecting the character of God who is the ultimate standard of righteousness.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Deuteronomy, who is delivering God's laws and instructions to the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The audience receiving the laws, as they prepare to enter the Promised Land.

3. Judges and Officials
The individuals specifically addressed in this verse, responsible for maintaining justice among the people.

4. Promised Land
The land of Canaan, where the Israelites are heading and where these laws are to be implemented.

5. God's Covenant
The overarching agreement between God and Israel, which includes adherence to His laws as a condition for blessing.

Teaching Points

Upholding Justice
As followers of Christ, we are called to uphold justice in all areas of life, ensuring fairness and integrity in our dealings.

Avoiding Partiality
We must be vigilant against favoritism, recognizing that all people are created in the image of God and deserve equal treatment.

Rejecting Corruption
Bribery and corruption are antithetical to God's character and His call for righteousness; we must reject them in our personal and professional lives.

Wisdom and Righteousness
True wisdom and righteousness are rooted in God's Word, and we must guard against anything that would compromise our ability to discern and speak truth.

Reflecting God's Character
Our actions should reflect God's justice and righteousness, serving as a testimony to His transformative power in our lives.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the command to "not deny justice or show partiality" challenge our current societal norms, and how can we apply this in our daily interactions?

2. In what ways can accepting a bribe "blind the eyes of the wise" in today's context, and how can we guard against this in our decision-making processes?

3. How do the principles in Deuteronomy 16:19 align with the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament regarding justice and impartiality?

4. Reflect on a time when you witnessed or experienced partiality. How did it affect your perception of justice, and what steps can you take to promote fairness in similar situations?

5. Considering the broader biblical account, how does the call to justice in Deuteronomy 16:19 connect with God's ultimate plan for redemption and restoration through Christ?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 23:8
This verse also warns against accepting bribes, emphasizing that they corrupt justice.

Proverbs 17:23
Highlights the wickedness of accepting bribes and its impact on justice.

James 2:1-9
Discusses the sin of showing partiality, particularly in the context of the Christian community.

Micah 6:8
Calls for justice, mercy, and humility, aligning with the principles in Deuteronomy 16:19.

Isaiah 1:23
Criticizes leaders who love bribes and fail to defend the cause of the fatherless and the widow.