Amos 1:1
These are the words of Amos, who was among the sheepherders of Tekoa--what he saw concerning Israel two years before the earthquake, in the days when Uzziah was king of Judah and Jeroboam son of Jehoash was king of Israel.
These are the words of Amos
Amos, a prophet, is the author of this book. His name means "burden" or "burden-bearer," which is fitting given the weighty messages he delivers. Unlike other prophets, Amos was not a professional prophet or priest but was called by God to deliver His message. This highlights the theme that God can use anyone to fulfill His purposes.

who was among the sheepherders of Tekoa—
Amos was a sheepherder, indicating his humble origins. Tekoa was a small town located about 10 miles south of Jerusalem in the region of Judah. This rural background suggests that Amos was familiar with the hardships of agrarian life, which is reflected in his vivid imagery and metaphors. His occupation also connects him to other biblical figures like David, who was also a shepherd before becoming king.

what he saw concerning Israel
The phrase "what he saw" indicates that Amos received visions from God. These visions were concerning Israel, the northern kingdom, despite Amos being from Judah. This cross-border prophecy underscores the unity of God's people and His concern for all tribes of Israel. The content of these visions includes judgments against Israel for their social injustices and idolatry.

two years before the earthquake,
The earthquake mentioned here is a significant historical event, corroborated by archaeological findings in the region. It serves as a chronological marker, emphasizing the urgency and authenticity of Amos's message. The earthquake is also referenced in Zechariah 14:5, indicating its lasting impact on the collective memory of the people.

in the days when Uzziah was king of Judah
Uzziah's reign in Judah was marked by prosperity and military success, but also by pride and eventual downfall (2 Chronicles 26). This period of prosperity led to complacency and moral decay, setting the stage for Amos's warnings. Uzziah's reign provides a backdrop of relative stability in Judah, contrasting with the spiritual decline Amos addresses.

and Jeroboam son of Jehoash was king of Israel.
Jeroboam II's reign in Israel was characterized by economic prosperity and territorial expansion (2 Kings 14:23-29). However, this prosperity was accompanied by social injustice, idolatry, and corruption, which Amos vehemently condemns. The mention of Jeroboam highlights the moral and spiritual issues in Israel, despite outward success. This context underscores the prophetic theme that true security and blessing come from obedience to God, not merely economic or military strength.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Amos
A prophet and sheep breeder from Tekoa, called by God to deliver His message to Israel. His background as a shepherd highlights his humble origins and God's use of ordinary people for His purposes.

2. Tekoa
A small town in Judah, south of Jerusalem. It was known for its rugged terrain and pastoral lifestyle, which shaped Amos's perspective and message.

3. Israel
The northern kingdom, which had turned away from God, engaging in idolatry and social injustice. Amos's prophecies were directed primarily at this kingdom.

4. Uzziah
King of Judah during Amos's time. His reign was marked by prosperity and military success, but also by spiritual complacency.

5. Jeroboam son of Jehoash
King of Israel, known for his military achievements and expansion of Israel's borders, but also for perpetuating idolatry and social injustice.

6. The Earthquake
A significant event that served as a historical marker for Amos's prophecies. It symbolizes the impending judgment and upheaval that Amos prophesied.
Teaching Points
God Uses the Humble
Amos's background as a shepherd reminds us that God often chooses ordinary people to accomplish His extraordinary purposes. We should be open to God's calling, regardless of our status or background.

Judgment and Mercy
The mention of the earthquake serves as a reminder of God's impending judgment but also His mercy in providing warnings. We should heed God's warnings and turn back to Him.

Spiritual Complacency
Despite prosperity, both Judah and Israel were spiritually complacent. We must guard against allowing material success to lead us away from God.

Social Justice
Amos's message highlights the importance of justice and righteousness. As believers, we are called to advocate for the oppressed and live out God's justice in our communities.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does Amos's background as a shepherd influence his perspective and message? How can our own backgrounds shape our ministry or calling?

2. What does the earthquake symbolize in the context of Amos's prophecies, and how can we apply this understanding to recognize God's warnings in our lives today?

3. In what ways can prosperity lead to spiritual complacency, and how can we actively maintain our spiritual fervor in times of abundance?

4. How does Amos's message about social justice challenge us to address issues of injustice in our own communities?

5. How can we discern and respond to God's calling in our lives, even if it seems unexpected or beyond our current circumstances?
Connections to Other Scriptures
2 Kings 14:23-29
Provides historical context for Jeroboam's reign, highlighting the prosperity and expansion of Israel, which contrasts with the spiritual decline addressed by Amos.

Zechariah 14:5
Mentions the earthquake during Uzziah's reign, emphasizing its significance and the fear it instilled, which parallels the fear of God's judgment in Amos's prophecies.

Isaiah 1:1
Similar to Amos, Isaiah's prophecies are set during the reign of Uzziah, providing a broader picture of the spiritual state of both Judah and Israel during this period.
A Sketch of AmosHomilistAmos 1:1
AmosRobert Smith, M. A.Amos 1:1
AmosErnest Elliot.Amos 1:1
Amos the HerdmanJoseph Parker, D. D.Amos 1:1
Amos the HerdsmanJ.R. Thomson Amos 1:1
An Unscholarly MessengerSunday CompanionAmos 1:1
Distinguished Workers of Humble OriginJ. L. Nye.Amos 1:1
Earthquakes in PalestineDean Plumptre.Amos 1:1
Lessons from the Prophecy of AmosR. W. Forrest, M. A.Amos 1:1
The Herdman of TekoaW. G. Elmslie, D. D.Amos 1:1
The Refining Power of ReligionE. Monro.Amos 1:1
The Sphere of the Prophet's LaboursAmos 1:1
The True TeacherA. Rowland Amos 1:1
People
Amos, Aram, Ben, Benhadad, Ben-hadad, Hadad, Hazael, Jehoash, Jeroboam, Joash, Teman, Uzziah
Places
Ashdod, Ashkelon, Beth-eden, Bozrah, Carmel, Damascus, Edom, Ekron, Gaza, Gilead, Jerusalem, Kir, Rabbah, Syria, Tekoa, Teman, Tyre, Valley of Aven, Zion
Topics
Amos, Earthquake, Earth-shock, Envisioned, Herdmen, Herdsmen, Jehoash, Jeroboam, Jerobo'am, Joash, Jo'ash, Judah, Shaking, Sheepherders, Shepherds, Tekoa, Teko'a, Uzziah, Uzzi'ah, Visions
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Amos 1:1

     1469   visions
     4820   earthquake
     5433   occupations
     7775   prophets, lives
     8739   evil, examples of

Amos 1:1-2

     7785   shepherd, occupation

Library
The Prophet Joel.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS. The position which has been assigned to Joel in the collection of the Minor Prophets, furnishes an external argument for the determination of the time at which Joel wrote. There cannot be any doubt that the Collectors were guided by a consideration of the chronology. The circumstance, that they placed the prophecies of Joel just between the two prophets who, according to the inscriptions and contents of their prophecies, belonged to the time of Jeroboam and Uzziah, is
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

The River of Egypt, Rhinocorura. The Lake of Sirbon.
Pliny writes, "From Pelusium are the intrenchments of Chabrias: mount Casius: the temple of Jupiter Casius: the tomb of Pompey the Great: Ostracine: Arabia is bounded sixty-five miles from Pelusium: soon after begins Idumea and Palestine from the rising up of the Sirbon lake." Either my eyes deceive me, while I read these things,--or mount Casius lies nearer Pelusium, than the lake of Sirbon. The maps have ill placed the Sirbon between mount Casius and Pelusium. Sirbon implies burning; the name of
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Whether, in Prophetic Revelation, New Species of Things are Impressed on the Prophet's Mind, or Merely a New Light?
Objection 1: It would seem that in prophetic revelation no new species of things are impressed on the prophet's mind, but only a new light. For a gloss of Jerome on Amos 1:2 says that "prophets draw comparisons from things with which they are conversant." But if prophetic vision were effected by means of species newly impressed, the prophet's previous experience of things would be inoperative. Therefore no new species are impressed on the prophet's soul, but only the prophetic light. Objection 2:
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether a Natural Disposition is Requisite for Prophecy?
Objection 1: It would seem that a natural disposition is requisite for prophecy. For prophecy is received by the prophet according to the disposition of the recipient, since a gloss of Jerome on Amos 1:2, "The Lord will roar from Sion," says: "Anyone who wishes to make a comparison naturally turns to those things of which he has experience, and among which his life is spent. For example, sailors compare their enemies to the winds, and their losses to a shipwreck. In like manner Amos, who was a shepherd,
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

How the Rude in Sacred Learning, and those who are Learned but not Humble, are to be Admonished.
(Admonition 25.) Differently to be admonished are those who do not understand aright the words of the sacred Law, and those who understand them indeed aright, but speak them not humbly. For those who understand not aright the words of sacred Law are to be admonished to consider that they turn for themselves a most wholesome drought of wine into a cup of poison, and with a medicinal knife inflict on themselves a mortal wound, when they destroy in themselves what was sound by that whereby they ought,
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

The Twelve Minor Prophets.
1. By the Jewish arrangement, which places together the twelve minor prophets in a single volume, the chronological order of the prophets as a whole is broken up. The three greater prophets, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, stand in the true order of time. Daniel began to prophesy before Ezekiel, but continued, many years after him. The Jewish arrangement of the twelve minor prophets is in a sense chronological; that is, they put the earlier prophets at the beginning, and the later at the end of the
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

Formation and History of the Hebrew Canon.
1. The Greek word canon (originally a straight rod or pole, measuring-rod, then rule) denotes that collection of books which the churches receive as given by inspiration of God, and therefore as constituting for them a divine rule of faith and practice. To the books included in it the term canonical is applied. The Canon of the Old Testament, considered in reference to its constituent parts, was formed gradually; formed under divine superintendence by a process of growth extending through
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

A Discourse of Mercifulness
Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. Matthew 5:7 These verses, like the stairs of Solomon's temple, cause our ascent to the holy of holies. We are now mounting up a step higher. Blessed are the merciful . . '. There was never more need to preach of mercifulness than in these unmerciful times wherein we live. It is reported in the life of Chrysostom that he preached much on this subject of mercifulness, and for his much pressing Christians to mercy, he was called of many, the alms-preacher,
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12

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