2 Samuel 20:14

Sheba passed through all the tribes of Israel to Abel-beth-maacah and through the entire region of the Berites, who gathered together and followed him.

Study Bible

Sheba passed through all the tribes of Israel
The name "Sheba" here refers to Sheba son of Bichri, a Benjamite, who instigated a rebellion against King David. The Hebrew root for "Sheba" (שֶׁבַע) can mean "oath" or "seven," symbolizing completeness or a binding agreement. His passing through "all the tribes of Israel" indicates the widespread nature of his rebellion, as he sought to rally support against David. Historically, this reflects the fragile unity of Israel during David's reign, a time when tribal loyalties often superseded national unity.

to Abel of Beth-maacah
"Abel of Beth-maacah" was a fortified city in the northern part of Israel. The name "Abel" (אָבֵל) means "meadow" or "stream," suggesting a place of fertility and life. "Beth-maacah" indicates a house or region associated with Maacah, possibly a local deity or a notable figure. This city was known for its wisdom and counsel, as seen later in the chapter when a wise woman intervenes to save the city. Theologically, Abel of Beth-maacah represents a place where wisdom and diplomacy can avert disaster, a reminder of the power of godly counsel.

and all the Berites gathered together
The "Berites" are a group mentioned only here in the Bible, and their exact identity is uncertain. The Hebrew root "Berites" (בֵּרִי) may be related to "well" or "pit," suggesting a people associated with a specific location or resource. Their gathering together with Sheba indicates their allegiance to his cause, highlighting the divisions within Israel. This serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of aligning with rebellion and the importance of unity under God's chosen leadership.

and followed him
The phrase "followed him" signifies allegiance and support. In Hebrew, "followed" (וַיֵּלְכוּ אַחֲרָיו) implies a deliberate choice to walk in the footsteps of another. This decision to follow Sheba reflects a rejection of David's kingship, which God had established. From a spiritual perspective, this serves as a warning against following those who lead away from God's ordained path. It underscores the importance of discernment and loyalty to God's anointed leaders, as well as the consequences of rebellion against divine authority.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Sheba
A Benjamite who led a rebellion against King David. His actions are central to the events of this chapter as he seeks to divide the kingdom.

2. Abel Beth Maacah
A fortified city in northern Israel where Sheba sought refuge. It becomes the focal point of Joab's pursuit to quell the rebellion.

3. The Berites
A group of people who allied with Sheba. Their involvement indicates the spread of Sheba's influence and the potential threat to David's reign.

4. Joab
David's military commander, tasked with suppressing Sheba's rebellion. His role is crucial in the resolution of the conflict.

5. David
The King of Israel, whose authority is challenged by Sheba's insurrection. The events test his leadership and the unity of his kingdom.

Teaching Points

The Danger of Division
Sheba's rebellion illustrates how internal strife can threaten the stability of a community or nation. Believers are called to seek unity and peace within the body of Christ.

Leadership and Responsibility
David's response to the rebellion shows the importance of decisive and wise leadership in times of crisis. Christian leaders are encouraged to act with integrity and courage.

The Consequences of Rebellion
Sheba's fate serves as a warning about the consequences of rebelling against God-ordained authority. Christians are reminded to respect and pray for their leaders.

The Role of Community
The involvement of the Berites and the people of Abel Beth Maacah highlights the influence of community in either supporting or opposing rebellion. Believers should strive to be a positive influence in their communities.

Bible Study Questions

1. What motivated Sheba to rebel against King David, and how can we guard against similar attitudes of division in our own lives?

2. How does the response of Joab to Sheba's rebellion demonstrate principles of effective leadership, and how can these be applied in our personal or professional lives?

3. In what ways does the account of Sheba's rebellion reflect the broader theme of unity and division in the Bible, and how can we apply this theme to our church communities today?

4. How does the involvement of the Berites and the people of Abel Beth Maacah illustrate the impact of community influence, and what steps can we take to ensure our influence is positive and God-honoring?

5. Reflect on a time when you faced a situation of conflict or division. How did you respond, and what biblical principles can guide you in similar situations in the future?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 11
The account of Saul's early reign and the unity of Israel under his leadership contrasts with the division seen in Sheba's rebellion.

2 Samuel 15-18
The rebellion of Absalom, David's son, provides a backdrop to Sheba's insurrection, highlighting recurring themes of division and loyalty.

Proverbs 16:18
The principle of pride leading to destruction can be seen in Sheba's actions and eventual downfall.

Matthew 12:25
Jesus' teaching on a divided kingdom not standing reflects the danger Sheba's rebellion posed to Israel.