2 Samuel 16:8
The LORD has paid you back for all the blood of the house of Saul, in whose place you have reigned, and the LORD has delivered the kingdom into the hand of your son Absalom. See, you have come to ruin because you are a man of bloodshed!"
The LORD has paid you back
This phrase suggests divine retribution, a common theme in the Old Testament where God is seen as a just judge who repays individuals according to their deeds. The Hebrew root for "paid back" is "shalam," which means to make whole or to recompense. This reflects the belief that God’s justice is restorative, aiming to bring balance and order.

for all the bloodshed
The term "bloodshed" here is translated from the Hebrew word "dam," which signifies the shedding of blood, often associated with violence or murder. In the context of David's life, this refers to the numerous battles and conflicts he engaged in, including those against Saul's house. Historically, David's reign was marked by warfare, which, while establishing his kingdom, also brought about significant bloodshed.

in the house of Saul
The "house of Saul" refers to the family and dynasty of King Saul, Israel's first king. David's complex relationship with Saul, marked by both loyalty and conflict, is a significant narrative in 1 Samuel. Archaeologically, the transition from Saul to David represents a shift in Israelite leadership and the establishment of Jerusalem as the political and spiritual center.

in whose place you have reigned
This phrase acknowledges David's succession to the throne of Israel, which was once occupied by Saul. The Hebrew word for "reigned" is "malak," meaning to become king or to rule. David's reign is seen as divinely ordained, yet it was fraught with challenges, including the lingering loyalty of some to Saul's lineage.

And the LORD has given the kingdom
The giving of the kingdom is an act of divine sovereignty. The Hebrew word "natan," meaning to give, implies that God is the ultimate authority over the kingdoms of men. This reflects the biblical theme that earthly power is subject to divine will, and God can raise or depose leaders according to His purposes.

into the hand of your son Absalom
Absalom, David's son, led a rebellion against his father, which is a pivotal event in David's life. The phrase "into the hand" suggests control or possession, indicating that Absalom temporarily seized power. This rebellion is a consequence of David's familial and political struggles, highlighting the personal cost of his earlier actions.

Indeed, you are in trouble
The word "trouble" is translated from the Hebrew "ra‘ah," meaning evil or distress. This reflects the turmoil and adversity David faced due to his own decisions and the rebellion of his son. It serves as a reminder of the consequences of sin and the challenges of leadership.

because you are a man of bloodshed!
This accusation against David underscores the theme of divine justice. The Hebrew word "ish" for "man" emphasizes David's identity and character, while "bloodshed" reiterates the earlier point about his violent past. This serves as a moral reflection on the cost of violence and the importance of righteousness in leadership.

Persons / Places / Events
1. David
The King of Israel, who is fleeing from his son Absalom. David is accused by Shimei of being a man of bloodshed.

2. Shimei
A member of Saul's family who curses David, accusing him of being responsible for the bloodshed of Saul's house and attributing David's current misfortunes to divine retribution.

3. Absalom
David's son, who has rebelled against his father and taken over the kingdom, fulfilling part of Shimei's curse.

4. House of Saul
The previous royal family of Israel, whose downfall is attributed to David by Shimei.

5. Bahurim
The place where Shimei curses David, located on the route David takes while fleeing from Absalom.
Teaching Points
Divine Justice and Human Accusation
Shimei's words reflect a belief in divine justice, but they are also a reminder that human accusations can be misguided. We must discern between God's judgment and human opinion.

Consequences of Sin
David's past actions, particularly his sin with Bathsheba, have long-lasting consequences. This serves as a reminder of the ripple effects of sin in our lives.

Responding to Criticism
David's response to Shimei's cursing is one of humility and restraint. He trusts in God's sovereignty rather than retaliating, teaching us to respond to criticism with grace.

God's Sovereignty in Trials
Despite the chaos and betrayal, David acknowledges God's hand in his circumstances. This encourages us to trust in God's sovereignty during our trials.

Repentance and Forgiveness
David's life is marked by repentance, and despite his failures, he is known as a man after God's own heart. This highlights the importance of repentance and seeking God's forgiveness.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does Shimei's accusation reflect the broader theme of divine justice in the Bible, and how can we discern between God's judgment and human opinion in our own lives?

2. In what ways do the consequences of David's past sins manifest in this chapter, and how can we apply this understanding to our own experiences with sin and its repercussions?

3. How does David's response to Shimei's cursing demonstrate a godly approach to criticism and adversity, and how can we apply this in our interactions with others?

4. What does David's trust in God's sovereignty during his flight from Absalom teach us about facing trials and uncertainties in our own lives?

5. Considering David's life of repentance, how can we cultivate a heart of repentance and seek God's forgiveness in our daily walk with Him?
Connections to Other Scriptures
1 Samuel 15-31
These chapters provide the background of Saul's reign and his eventual downfall, which Shimei references in his accusation against David.

2 Samuel 12:10-12
Nathan's prophecy to David after his sin with Bathsheba, predicting turmoil within David's house, which is being fulfilled through Absalom's rebellion.

Psalm 3
A psalm attributed to David during his flight from Absalom, expressing trust in God despite the circumstances.
Impatience and SubmissionC. Bosanquet, M. A.2 Samuel 16:1-14
Meekness Under Provocation2 Samuel 16:5-13
Shimei's CursesG. Wood 2 Samuel 16:5-13
The Forbearance of David Towards ShimeiC. Bradley, M. A.2 Samuel 16:5-13
The Reviling of ShimeiB. Dale 2 Samuel 16:5-13
People
Abishai, Absalom, Ahithophel, Arkite, David, Gera, Hushai, Mephibosheth, Saul, Shimei, Zeruiah, Ziba
Places
Bahurim, Jerusalem
Topics
Absalom, Ab'salom, Avenged, Behold, Blood, Bloodshed, Bloody, Caught, Delivered, Evil, Family, Handed, Hast, Household, Kingdom, Mischief, Punishment, Reigned, Returned, Ruin, Saul, Shed, Stead
Dictionary of Bible Themes
2 Samuel 16:5-8

     5550   speech, negative
     8787   opposition, to God

2 Samuel 16:5-11

     6655   forgiveness, application

2 Samuel 16:5-12

     5088   David, character

2 Samuel 16:5-13

     5964   temper

Library
But Although Patience be a virtue of the Mind...
8. But although patience be a virtue of the mind, yet partly the mind exercises it in the mind itself, partly in the body. In itself it exercises patience, when, the body remaining unhurt and untouched, the mind is goaded by any adversities or filthinesses of things or words, to do or to say something that is not expedient or not becoming, and patiently bears all evils that it may not itself commit any evil in work or word. By this patience we bear, even while we be sound in body, that in the midst
St. Augustine—On Patience

Nob. Bahurim.
That Nob was placed in the land of Benjamin, not far from Jerusalem, whence Jerusalem also might be seen,--the words of the Chaldee paraphrast, upon Isaiah 10:32, do argue. For so he speaks; "Sennacherib came and stood in Nob, a city of the priests, before the walls of Jerusalem; and said to his army, 'Is not this the city of Jerusalem, against which I have raised my whole army, and have subdued all the provinces of it? Is it not small and weak in comparison of all the fortifications of the Gentiles,
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

David and Jonathan's Son
'And David said, is there yet any that is left of the house of Saul, that I may shew him kindness for Jonathan's sake? 2. And there was of the house of Saul a servant whose name was Ziba. And when they had called him unto David, the king said unto him, Art thou Ziba? And he said, Thy servant is he. 3. And the king said, Is there not yet any of the house of Saul, that I may shew the kindness of God unto him? And Ziba said unto the king, Jonathan hath yet a son, which is lame on his feet. 4. And the
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Godly are in Some Sense Already Blessed
I proceed now to the second aphorism or conclusion, that the godly are in some sense already blessed. The saints are blessed not only when they are apprehended by God, but while they are travellers to glory. They are blessed before they are crowned. This seems a paradox to flesh and blood. What, reproached and maligned, yet blessed! A man that looks upon the children of God with a carnal eye and sees how they are afflicted, and like the ship in the gospel which was covered with waves' (Matthew 8:24),
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12

Appendix 2 Extracts from the Babylon Talmud
Massecheth Berachoth, or Tractate on Benedictions [76] Mishnah--From what time is the "Shema" said in the evening? From the hour that the priests entered to eat of their therumah [77] until the end of the first night watch. [78] These are the words of Rabbi Eliezer. But the sages say: Till midnight. Rabban Gamaliel says: Until the column of the morning (the dawn) rises. It happened, that his sons came back from a banquet. They said to him: "We have not said the Shema.'" He said to them, "If the column
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Importance in Luke's History of the Story of the Birth of Christ
IT needs no proof that Luke attached the highest importance to this part of his narrative. That Jesus was indicated from the beginning as the Messiah -- though not a necessary part of his life and work, and wholly omitted by Mark and only briefly indicated in mystical language by John -- was a highly interesting and important fact in itself, and could not fail to impress the historian. The elaboration and detail of the first two chapters of the Gospel form a sufficient proof that Luke recognized
Sir William Mitchell Ramsay—Was Christ Born in Bethlehem?

Voluntary Suffering
I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting. T hat which often passes amongst men for resolution, and the proof of a noble, courageous spirit, is, in reality, the effect of a weak and little mind. At least, it is chiefly owing to the presence of certain circumstances, which have a greater influence upon the conduct, than any inherent principle. Thus may persons who appear to set death and danger at defiance in the hour
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

Meditations for one that is Like to Die.
If thy sickness be like to increase unto death, then meditate on three things:--First, How graciously God dealeth with thee. Secondly, From what evils death will free thee. Thirdly, What good death will bring unto thee. The first sort of Meditations are, to consider God's favourable dealing with thee. 1. Meditate that God uses this chastisement of thy body but as a medicine to cure thy soul, by drawing thee, who art sick in sin, to come by repentance unto Christ, thy physician, to have thy soul healed
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

No Sorrow Like Messiah's Sorrow
Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? Behold, and see, if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow! A lthough the Scriptures of the Old Testament, the law of Moses, the Psalms, and the Prophecies (Luke 24:44) , bear an harmonious testimony to MESSIAH ; it is not necessary to suppose that every single passage has an immediate and direct relation to Him. A method of exposition has frequently obtained [frequently been in vogue], of a fanciful and allegorical cast [contrivance], under the pretext
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

Samuel
Alike from the literary and the historical point of view, the book[1] of Samuel stands midway between the book of Judges and the book of Kings. As we have already seen, the Deuteronomic book of Judges in all probability ran into Samuel and ended in ch. xii.; while the story of David, begun in Samuel, embraces the first two chapters of the first book of Kings. The book of Samuel is not very happily named, as much of it is devoted to Saul and the greater part to David; yet it is not altogether inappropriate,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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