1 Samuel 13:15

Then Samuel set out from Gilgal and went up to Gibeah in Benjamin. And Saul numbered the troops who were with him, about six hundred men.

Study Bible

Then Samuel arose
The phrase "Then Samuel arose" signifies a decisive action taken by the prophet Samuel. In Hebrew, the word for "arose" is "קוּם" (qum), which often implies rising to a significant task or mission. Samuel's rising here is symbolic of his role as a leader and judge in Israel, taking action in response to Saul's disobedience. This moment marks a transition in the narrative, highlighting Samuel's continued obedience to God despite the king's failure.

and went up from Gilgal
"Gilgal" is a location of great historical and spiritual significance for Israel. It was the first campsite of the Israelites after crossing the Jordan River into the Promised Land (Joshua 4:19-20). The phrase "went up" suggests a movement not just geographically but also spiritually, as Gilgal was a place of covenant renewal. Samuel's departure from Gilgal indicates a shift in divine favor and the beginning of a new chapter in Israel's history.

to Gibeah of Benjamin
"Gibeah" was Saul's hometown and the seat of his kingship. The mention of "Benjamin" ties Saul to his tribal roots, emphasizing the personal and national stakes of the unfolding events. Historically, Gibeah was a significant city in the tribal territory of Benjamin, and its mention here underscores the political and military tensions of the time. Samuel's journey to Gibeah signifies a return to the center of Saul's power, setting the stage for the subsequent narrative developments.

And Saul numbered the troops
The act of numbering the troops, in Hebrew "פָּקַד" (paqad), often implies a military muster or census. This action by Saul reflects his concern with the immediate military threat posed by the Philistines. However, it also highlights a reliance on human strength rather than divine guidance, contrasting with earlier biblical narratives where God delivers Israel through faith and obedience rather than sheer numbers.

who were with him, about six hundred men
The number "six hundred" is significant in its relative smallness, especially compared to the vast Philistine army. This detail emphasizes the dire situation Saul faces and foreshadows the challenges ahead. Biblically, small numbers often set the stage for God to demonstrate His power and deliverance, as seen in the account of Gideon (Judges 7). Here, the small number of troops underscores the need for divine intervention and the consequences of Saul's earlier disobedience.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Samuel
A prophet and judge of Israel who anointed Saul as the first king. He plays a crucial role in guiding Israel and delivering God's messages.

2. Saul
The first king of Israel, chosen by God but later rejected due to his disobedience. At this point, Saul is facing a military crisis with the Philistines.

3. Gilgal
A significant location in Israel's history, often associated with renewal and covenant. It is where Saul was confirmed as king and where Samuel offered sacrifices.

4. Gibeah of Benjamin
Saul's hometown and the location of his royal residence. It serves as a strategic military base during his reign.

5. The Troops
The six hundred men with Saul represent a diminished and demoralized army, highlighting the dire situation Israel faces against the Philistines.

Teaching Points

Obedience to God’s Commands
Saul's failure to wait for Samuel at Gilgal demonstrates the importance of obedience to God's instructions. Disobedience can lead to severe consequences, as seen in Saul's eventual rejection as king.

The Role of Leadership
Saul's leadership is tested in this passage. Effective leadership requires reliance on God and adherence to His guidance, rather than succumbing to fear or pressure.

Faith in Times of Crisis
The dwindling number of troops with Saul highlights the need for faith and trust in God during challenging times. God often works through a faithful remnant.

The Importance of Spiritual Guidance
Samuel's role as a prophet underscores the need for spiritual guidance and discernment. Seeking God's will through His appointed leaders is crucial for making wise decisions.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Saul's decision to act without waiting for Samuel reflect on his understanding of obedience to God? How can we apply this lesson in our own lives?

2. In what ways does the location of Gilgal serve as a backdrop for Saul's actions, and how does it relate to previous events in Israel's history?

3. How can we ensure that we are seeking and following spiritual guidance in our own leadership roles, whether in the church, family, or workplace?

4. What can we learn from the reduction of Saul's troops about maintaining faith and trust in God during times of crisis?

5. How does Saul's experience in 1 Samuel 13:15 connect with other instances of disobedience in the Bible, and what are the common themes or lessons we can draw from these accounts?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 10:8
Samuel's earlier instructions to Saul about waiting for him at Gilgal, which Saul disobeys, leading to his rejection as king.

Judges 20:15
The mention of Gibeah in the context of the tribe of Benjamin, providing historical context to Saul's leadership and the tribal dynamics.

1 Samuel 15:22-23
Samuel's later rebuke of Saul, emphasizing obedience over sacrifice, which connects to Saul's earlier disobedience at Gilgal.