Amos 1:1
These are the words of Amos, who was among the sheepherders of Tekoa--what he saw concerning Israel two years before the earthquake, in the days when Uzziah was king of Judah and Jeroboam son of Jehoash was king of Israel.
The words of Amos
The opening phrase, "The words of Amos," introduces us to the prophet and his message. Amos, whose name means "burden" or "burden-bearer" in Hebrew, was chosen by God to deliver a heavy message of judgment and hope. This phrase emphasizes the divine origin of the message, as Amos speaks not his own words, but those given to him by God. In the ancient Near Eastern context, prophets were seen as messengers of the divine, and Amos stands in this tradition, bearing the weight of God's revelation to His people.

who was among the sheep breeders
Amos is described as being "among the sheep breeders," indicating his humble origins. The Hebrew term used here, "noqed," refers to a specific type of sheep breeder, one who tends to a particular breed known for its wool. This detail highlights Amos's background as a working man, not a professional prophet or priest. His occupation underscores the theme that God calls individuals from all walks of life to serve His purposes, demonstrating that divine calling is not limited by social status or occupation.

from Tekoa
Tekoa was a small town located about ten miles south of Jerusalem in the region of Judah. Its mention situates Amos geographically and culturally, as he was a Judean prophet sent to deliver a message primarily to the northern kingdom of Israel. The town's location in a rugged, rural area further emphasizes Amos's connection to the land and his outsider status when delivering his prophecies to the urban centers of Israel.

which he received in visions
The phrase "which he received in visions" indicates the manner in which Amos received his prophetic message. Visions were a common means of divine communication in the Old Testament, allowing prophets to perceive spiritual realities beyond ordinary human experience. This highlights the supernatural aspect of Amos's message, affirming that it is not a product of human insight but a revelation from God.

concerning Israel
Amos's message is directed "concerning Israel," specifically the northern kingdom, which had separated from Judah after the reign of Solomon. This focus underscores the divided state of God's people and the particular sins and injustices prevalent in Israel at the time. Amos's prophecies address issues of social justice, idolatry, and covenant unfaithfulness, calling Israel to repentance and warning of impending judgment.

in the days of Uzziah king of Judah
The mention of "Uzziah king of Judah" provides a historical anchor for Amos's ministry. Uzziah's reign (approximately 792-740 BC) was marked by relative stability and prosperity in Judah, which contrasts with the moral and spiritual decline in Israel. This context highlights the urgency of Amos's message, as the people were complacent in their prosperity, unaware of the looming divine judgment.

and Jeroboam son of Jehoash king of Israel
Jeroboam II, son of Jehoash, reigned over Israel during a time of economic prosperity and territorial expansion (approximately 793-753 BC). However, this period was also characterized by significant social inequality and religious corruption. By mentioning Jeroboam, Amos's prophecy is situated in a specific historical context, emphasizing the disconnect between Israel's outward success and its spiritual and moral failures.

two years before the earthquake
The reference to "two years before the earthquake" serves as a chronological marker, indicating a significant event that would have been well-known to Amos's original audience. This earthquake, likely a divine act of judgment, underscores the seriousness of Amos's message and serves as a tangible reminder of God's power and the reality of His warnings. The specificity of this detail lends historical credibility to the text and highlights the urgency of the prophetic call to repentance.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Amos
A prophet and sheep breeder from Tekoa, called by God to deliver His message to Israel. His background as a shepherd highlights his humble origins and God's use of ordinary people for His purposes.

2. Tekoa
A small town in Judah, south of Jerusalem. It was known for its rugged terrain and pastoral lifestyle, which shaped Amos's perspective and message.

3. Israel
The northern kingdom, which had turned away from God, engaging in idolatry and social injustice. Amos's prophecies were directed primarily at this kingdom.

4. Uzziah
King of Judah during Amos's time. His reign was marked by prosperity and military success, but also by spiritual complacency.

5. Jeroboam son of Jehoash
King of Israel, known for his military achievements and expansion of Israel's borders, but also for perpetuating idolatry and social injustice.

6. The Earthquake
A significant event that served as a historical marker for Amos's prophecies. It symbolizes the impending judgment and upheaval that Amos prophesied.
Teaching Points
God Uses the Humble
Amos's background as a shepherd reminds us that God often chooses ordinary people to accomplish His extraordinary purposes. We should be open to God's calling, regardless of our status or background.

Judgment and Mercy
The mention of the earthquake serves as a reminder of God's impending judgment but also His mercy in providing warnings. We should heed God's warnings and turn back to Him.

Spiritual Complacency
Despite prosperity, both Judah and Israel were spiritually complacent. We must guard against allowing material success to lead us away from God.

Social Justice
Amos's message highlights the importance of justice and righteousness. As believers, we are called to advocate for the oppressed and live out God's justice in our communities.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does Amos's background as a shepherd influence his perspective and message? How can our own backgrounds shape our ministry or calling?

2. What does the earthquake symbolize in the context of Amos's prophecies, and how can we apply this understanding to recognize God's warnings in our lives today?

3. In what ways can prosperity lead to spiritual complacency, and how can we actively maintain our spiritual fervor in times of abundance?

4. How does Amos's message about social justice challenge us to address issues of injustice in our own communities?

5. How can we discern and respond to God's calling in our lives, even if it seems unexpected or beyond our current circumstances?
Connections to Other Scriptures
2 Kings 14:23-29
Provides historical context for Jeroboam's reign, highlighting the prosperity and expansion of Israel, which contrasts with the spiritual decline addressed by Amos.

Zechariah 14:5
Mentions the earthquake during Uzziah's reign, emphasizing its significance and the fear it instilled, which parallels the fear of God's judgment in Amos's prophecies.

Isaiah 1:1
Similar to Amos, Isaiah's prophecies are set during the reign of Uzziah, providing a broader picture of the spiritual state of both Judah and Israel during this period.
A Sketch of AmosHomilistAmos 1:1
AmosRobert Smith, M. A.Amos 1:1
AmosErnest Elliot.Amos 1:1
Amos the HerdmanJoseph Parker, D. D.Amos 1:1
Amos the HerdsmanJ.R. Thomson Amos 1:1
An Unscholarly MessengerSunday CompanionAmos 1:1
Distinguished Workers of Humble OriginJ. L. Nye.Amos 1:1
Earthquakes in PalestineDean Plumptre.Amos 1:1
Lessons from the Prophecy of AmosR. W. Forrest, M. A.Amos 1:1
The Herdman of TekoaW. G. Elmslie, D. D.Amos 1:1
The Refining Power of ReligionE. Monro.Amos 1:1
The Sphere of the Prophet's LaboursAmos 1:1
The True TeacherA. Rowland Amos 1:1
People
Amos, Aram, Ben, Benhadad, Ben-hadad, Hadad, Hazael, Jehoash, Jeroboam, Joash, Teman, Uzziah
Places
Ashdod, Ashkelon, Beth-eden, Bozrah, Carmel, Damascus, Edom, Ekron, Gaza, Gilead, Jerusalem, Kir, Rabbah, Syria, Tekoa, Teman, Tyre, Valley of Aven, Zion
Topics
Amos, Earthquake, Earth-shock, Envisioned, Herdmen, Herdsmen, Jehoash, Jeroboam, Jerobo'am, Joash, Jo'ash, Judah, Shaking, Sheepherders, Shepherds, Tekoa, Teko'a, Uzziah, Uzzi'ah, Visions
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Amos 1:1

     1469   visions
     4820   earthquake
     5433   occupations
     7775   prophets, lives
     8739   evil, examples of

Amos 1:1-2

     7785   shepherd, occupation

Library
The Prophet Joel.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS. The position which has been assigned to Joel in the collection of the Minor Prophets, furnishes an external argument for the determination of the time at which Joel wrote. There cannot be any doubt that the Collectors were guided by a consideration of the chronology. The circumstance, that they placed the prophecies of Joel just between the two prophets who, according to the inscriptions and contents of their prophecies, belonged to the time of Jeroboam and Uzziah, is
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

The River of Egypt, Rhinocorura. The Lake of Sirbon.
Pliny writes, "From Pelusium are the intrenchments of Chabrias: mount Casius: the temple of Jupiter Casius: the tomb of Pompey the Great: Ostracine: Arabia is bounded sixty-five miles from Pelusium: soon after begins Idumea and Palestine from the rising up of the Sirbon lake." Either my eyes deceive me, while I read these things,--or mount Casius lies nearer Pelusium, than the lake of Sirbon. The maps have ill placed the Sirbon between mount Casius and Pelusium. Sirbon implies burning; the name of
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Whether, in Prophetic Revelation, New Species of Things are Impressed on the Prophet's Mind, or Merely a New Light?
Objection 1: It would seem that in prophetic revelation no new species of things are impressed on the prophet's mind, but only a new light. For a gloss of Jerome on Amos 1:2 says that "prophets draw comparisons from things with which they are conversant." But if prophetic vision were effected by means of species newly impressed, the prophet's previous experience of things would be inoperative. Therefore no new species are impressed on the prophet's soul, but only the prophetic light. Objection 2:
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether a Natural Disposition is Requisite for Prophecy?
Objection 1: It would seem that a natural disposition is requisite for prophecy. For prophecy is received by the prophet according to the disposition of the recipient, since a gloss of Jerome on Amos 1:2, "The Lord will roar from Sion," says: "Anyone who wishes to make a comparison naturally turns to those things of which he has experience, and among which his life is spent. For example, sailors compare their enemies to the winds, and their losses to a shipwreck. In like manner Amos, who was a shepherd,
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

How the Rude in Sacred Learning, and those who are Learned but not Humble, are to be Admonished.
(Admonition 25.) Differently to be admonished are those who do not understand aright the words of the sacred Law, and those who understand them indeed aright, but speak them not humbly. For those who understand not aright the words of sacred Law are to be admonished to consider that they turn for themselves a most wholesome drought of wine into a cup of poison, and with a medicinal knife inflict on themselves a mortal wound, when they destroy in themselves what was sound by that whereby they ought,
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

The Twelve Minor Prophets.
1. By the Jewish arrangement, which places together the twelve minor prophets in a single volume, the chronological order of the prophets as a whole is broken up. The three greater prophets, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, stand in the true order of time. Daniel began to prophesy before Ezekiel, but continued, many years after him. The Jewish arrangement of the twelve minor prophets is in a sense chronological; that is, they put the earlier prophets at the beginning, and the later at the end of the
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

Formation and History of the Hebrew Canon.
1. The Greek word canon (originally a straight rod or pole, measuring-rod, then rule) denotes that collection of books which the churches receive as given by inspiration of God, and therefore as constituting for them a divine rule of faith and practice. To the books included in it the term canonical is applied. The Canon of the Old Testament, considered in reference to its constituent parts, was formed gradually; formed under divine superintendence by a process of growth extending through
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

A Discourse of Mercifulness
Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. Matthew 5:7 These verses, like the stairs of Solomon's temple, cause our ascent to the holy of holies. We are now mounting up a step higher. Blessed are the merciful . . '. There was never more need to preach of mercifulness than in these unmerciful times wherein we live. It is reported in the life of Chrysostom that he preached much on this subject of mercifulness, and for his much pressing Christians to mercy, he was called of many, the alms-preacher,
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12

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