I came to you in weakness and fear, and with much trembling. Sermons I. THE IMPRESSION MADE BY ST. PAUL'S APPEARANCE. There can be little doubt that he was diminutive in stature, frail in health, unskilful as a rhetorician, and probably he was suffering from some disease or infirmity which made his appearance even unsightly. Of this his enemies were prepared to take undue advantage. The various descriptions of St. Paul's person should be considered, and the various theories concerning the special infirmity from which he suffered, Many of God's most devoted servants have, like Richard Baxter, Robert Hall, and many others, had to bear the heavy burden of constitutional disease, of intense physical suffering. But these things have been overruled, as in St. Paul's case, for good, so that they have become the very forces that have fitted the men for the nobler discharge of their great life works. II. THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF FRAILTY WITH WHICH ALL HIS WORK WAS DONE. There was not only the fact of suffering, but also the feeling of frailty. There was the sense of" fear," and there was much "trembling." He did not overmaster his trouble, but actually worked with it ever pressing upon him. "There was no self confidence, nothing but self mistrust, anxiety, the deepest sense of unworthiness" (comp. 2 Corinthians 10:10; 2 Corinthians 11:30; 2 Corinthians 12:5, 7, 9, 10; Galatians 4:13, 14). "There was a large element of that self distrust which so noble and sensitive a nature would feel in the fulfilment of such an exalted mission as the preaching of the cross." We may to some extent realize at how great a cost Christian ministers master bodily infirmity in order to do us service for Christ's sake; but few can know how much intenser is the struggle with inward fear and hesitation, and with the overwhelming sense of unworthiness and unfitness. Only in the strength and grace of God are these diffidences and inward fears overcome. III. THE GLORIOUS RESULTS REACHED BY ST. PAUL'S WORK. These are implied in his appeal to the Corinthians that his work had been "in demonstration of the Spirit and of power." Those results were of two kinds - (1) conversions; (2) edifications. Men received Christ as St. Paul unfolded his claims and his love. The Church was built up in the faith through the Pauline instructions. Subsidiary results, such as overthrow of idolatry, and change of daily moral life and relations, may be further considered. The Corinthians were themselves among the most interesting results of his divinely inspired labours. IV. THE SECRET OF HIS SUCCESS IN HIS OPENNESS TO DIVINE LEAD. Men would have found it in his "accent of conviction," his intensity, his natural gift of leadership, the newness of his subject, the preparedness of the times, or the appeal to men's feelings; but none of these would have satisfied St. Paul. He would have said, when all had passed by, "You have not found out my secret." None of these explanations could satisfy any of us who carefully judged the phenomena. St. Paul was an endowed man. He was open to the Divine leadings. He was inspired by the Divine Spirit. God wrought with him, and these were the signs following. True spiritual work has still no other explanation. Men are mighty in the measure of their openness to the Divine lead. And the maintenance of this openness is the supreme anxiety of all earnest Christian workers. There must be, for all noble and lasting issues, the "demonstration of the Spirit." Impress the mysterious power which some men have in conversation and in preaching; yet how often they are men or women of frail bodies, sensitive nerves, and wearying disease! They are under all kinds of disabilities; but these seem only to culture the higher spiritual power. Illustrate, e.g., McCheyne, Henry Martyn, F. Ridley Havergal, etc. This openness to the agency of the Holy Ghost is to be won. Our Lord taught us how. Such power comes through prayer and fasting: prayer, or closeness and intimacy of communion with God; fasting, or watchfulness, self denial, and mastery of bodily passion. We may win the joy of being "coworkers together with God." - R.T.
And I was with you in weakness and in fear. St. Paul was laden with a message that would seem homely and jejune beside a fine-spun rhetoric. Come from Athens, where he had partly failed, to make at Corinth a fresh attempt to confront the grandeur of Greek philosophy with the simplicity of the gospel, was enough to make him timid. Of this contrast he was daily conscious, and the weakness here described was ethical, not physical. He was naturally anxious, lest in poising the plain argument of the Cross against the colossal fabric of a seated philosophy, he might fail: was a David armed with such a pebble to prevail against a Goliath in such a panoply? But in his "fear and tremblingthe apostle was encouraged by a vision of God's presence and his own duty (Acts 18:9).(Canon Evans.) I. THEIR CHARACTER — often —1. Intense. 2. Painful. II. THE OCCASION OF THEM — a sense of — 1. The importance of his work. 2. His own insufficiency. 3. His responsibility. 4. The tremendous issues. (J. Lyth, D. D.) And... preaching was not with enticing words,... but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power. It is related of Dr. Manton that, having to preach before the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London, he chose a subject in which he had an opportunity of displaying his learning and judgment. He was heard with admiration and applause by the intelligent part of his audience; but as he was returning from dinner with the Lord Mayor, a poor man, following him, pulled him by the sleeve of his gown, and asked him if he was the gentleman that preached before the Lord Mayor. He replied he was. "Sir," said he, "I came with the hopes of getting some good to my soul, but I was greatly disappointed, for I could not understand a great deal of what you said; you were quite above my comprehension." "Friend," said the doctor, "if I have not given you a sermon, you have given me one: by the grace of God, I will not play the fool in such a manner again."The Rev. John Cotton was an eminent minister of the seventeenth century, who laboured for many years at Boston, in Lincolnshire. When at the University of Cambridge, he was remarkable for learning and eloquence; and being called upon to preach at St. Mary's church in that town, high expectations were raised as to the character of the sermon. After many struggles in his own mind, arising from the temptation to display his talent and learning, and from a powerful impression of the importance of preaching the gospel with all simplicity, he at length wisely determined on the latter course. The vice-chancellor and students were not pleased, though a few of the professors commended his style; but his sermon was blessed to the conversion of Dr. Preston, who became one of the most eminent ministers of his day.I. NEEDS SO DISPLAY.1. This does not exclude the use of knowledge or talent. 2. But the ostentatious exhibition of it. 3. Which helps nothing. 4. But damages much. II. DEPENDS ON DIVINE POWER. 1. The convincing energy of the Holy Spirit. 2. The saving power of the truth. III. REQUIRES THE COMMUNICATION OF THE SPIRIT. 1. To the preacher. 2. To the hearer. (J. Lyth, D. D.) Hall was once asked what he thought of a sermon which he had just heard delivered, and which had appeared to produce a great sensation among the congregation. His reply may suggest an important hint to some Christian ministers — "Very fine, sir; but a man cannot live upon flowers."I had tried to drive certain long brass-headed nails into a wall, but had never succeeded, except in turning up their points, and rendering them useless. When a tradesman came who understood his work, I noticed that he filed off all the points of the nails, the very points upon whose sharpness I had relied; and when he had quite blunted them, he drove them in as far as he pleased. With some consciences our fine points in preaching are worse than useless. Our keen distinctions and nice discriminations are thrown away on many; they need to be encountered with sheer force and blunt honesty. The truth must be hammered into them by main strength, and we know from whom to seek the needed power.(C. H. Spurgeon.) I. POPULAR.1. Is distinguished by display, attractiveness, novelty. 2. Aims at pleasing and sensational effect. II. APOSTOLIC. 1. Plain. 2. Unvarnished. 3. Accompanied by the convictions of the Spirit and the saving power of God. (J. Lyth, D. D.) I. "THE SPEECH AND PREACHING" OF THE APOSTLE.1. His great subject was the gospel. He was a great preacher of the law; for no man preaches the gospel who does not preach the law, and our appreciation of the gospel is always in direct proportion to our real perception of God's holy law. But that which Paul delighted in was the gospel. He preached in all His fulness a full Christ; he exhibited Him in the glory of His person, in all the perfection of His atonement, in all the freeness of His free-grace salvation. And he preached it largely, and wherever he went. He preached it holily too; he set it forth in all its holy tendencies, and he exhibited it in its holy effects in his own life (1 Thessalonians 1:5). 2. His manner was "not with enticing words of man's wisdom." His subject was grand, awful, sublime, wondrous; but his speech was plain, simple, unadorned, and homely. No glare and glitter were his, no traps for human applause, no desire to be thought a man of great talent; the gifted apostle was above it. How does this show to us what sort of preachers we want! We do not mean that the apostle did not suit his speech to those to whom he spake, for he became all things to all men, &c. II. THE BLESSING THAT ATTENDED IT. "In demonstration of the Spirit and of power." 1. Many understand by this the miraculous gifts that Paul was able to exhibit, as proof that he was an apostle of Christ. That be wrought miracles, is quite clear; and that they were great seals to his ministry is also quite clear (Romans 15:18). But the Word of God tells us that signs and wonders may be the means of hardening those who work them. Besides, a continuous miracle would cease to be a miracle; and the mightiest could never of itself convert one single soul. 2. More marvellous things than those that wrought in the triumph of God over matter are wrought when He triumphs over mind. The apostle set forth the truth to men's understanding, but the Holy Ghost conveyed the light into their minds; he spake to men's consciences, but the Spirit conveyed the tenderness of heart, and made the word' effectual. Here is no violence, no new faculty, no new truth; but the Holy Ghost put forth His power, and brought in demonstration (Colossians 1:5-6; 1 Thessalonians 1:5; 1 Thessalonians 2:13). 3. The power of the gospel is demonstrated — (1) (2) (3) (4) (J. H. Evans, M. A.) (G. Pentecost.) 2. Where ought it to stand? 3. Why should it stand there? (J. Lyth, D. D.) 1. He may convince by the force of argument or persuasion. 2. But such a faith is — (1) (2) (3) II. DEPENDS UPON THE POWER OF GOD. 1. Through the operation of the Spirit. 2. This — (1) (2) (3) III. SHOULD BE THE END OF ALL PREACHING. 1. The preacher should aim at it. 2. The people should desire it. (J. Lyth, D. D.) 1. Men are ever confounding the two. Faith, they think, is simply the intellect in its ordinary processes dealing with religious things. The man who rejects Christianity does it on this ground. "I cannot," he says, "reason out a demonstrative proof of Christianity; therefore I refuse to believe it true." Because faith cannot stand in the wisdom of man, it cannot, he thinks, stand at all. Now, according to the apostle, faith stands in "the power of God." What is the difference? 2. How do we know things?(1) By sensible proof. If I put my finger into the fire it burns me; if I hear music it delights me. This is the proof which my body furnishes concerning things that appeal to it. I do not reason about them; no spiritual or moral sympathies are called into exercise. I prove them exactly as a brute does.(2) By rational proof. If a man tells me that two and two make four, that a whole is greater than its part, my senses, my religious feeling have nothing to do with the proof — it is a process of pure reason. A brute could not prove anything in this way. A rational man must believe on such evidence.(3) Moral proof. When I see moral qualities in a man, I instinctively receive impressions concerning him. I say he is a kind man, a true man, a reverential man. If he be a hypocrite, he may deceive me; but that does not affect the validity of this method of proof. Life would be impossible if we could not trust men until we had collected evidence about them. We are always trusting men whom we know nothing about, because of the moral judgment of them which we form. 3. Now, this distinction of different kinds of proof will carry us a long way in understanding the domain of faith as distinguished from that of intellectual wisdom. When God speaks religious things to me, He does not appeal to my physical senses. He does not appeal to my reason, as the multiplication table does, as a proof in logic does; He appeals directly to my religious sense. Is not this religiously true, pure, suitable? And my religious sense responds, as the eye responds to light, understanding to intellectual truth, the heart to love. Men who are "of the truth" respond to moral truth when they see it. 4. Now, the strong tendency is to interchange these methods of proof. "I can believe nothing," says the materialist, "that I cannot prove." Quite true; neither ought you. "Aye, but I mean that I cannot prove by processes of reason," which is quite another thing. Suppose the brute should say, "I will believe nothing which I cannot prove by the senses. I will not believe in your mathematical astronomy, your subtle chemistry." And is he not as much justified in denying your rational proof as you are in denying my spiritual proof? Your rational proof belongs to a higher nature than his; my spiritual proof belongs to a higher nature than mere reason. What can reason do with moral qualities? You cannot reason out right and wrong; you cannot by reason prove love, or purity, or goodness; you can only feel them. You tell me that you have explored nature, but cannot find God; as well may the surgeon conducting a post-mortem examination tell us that he cannot find the pure patriot, the loving father. How can he detect moral qualities by physical tests? 5. We are always trying to get above the domain of mere matter into that of reason. How the painter and the poet idealise nature; change actual colour and form into glorious ideals! How the philosopher uses them for the creation of a science! How the economist uses them for an economy of social life! And so we are always trying to get above the domain of reason into the domain of faith. It is the necessity of our nature to think about good and evil, to form moral judgments about things. There is another tendency which is always dragging the spiritual down to the sensual; but all men agree to call this wrong moral feeling; Christianity calls it sin. 6. Faith, then, is that quality of our spiritual nature which, when it hears God's truth, sees God's purity, feels God's love, simply and implicitly believes it. It does not wait for processes of reason to prove it, any more than the eye waits for processes of reason to prove light, or the heart for processes of reason to prove love. But, it may be said, does not this make faith irrational? Certainly not. It simply goes farther than reason can go, sees things that reason cannot see, feels things that reason cannot feel. When a truth of God is spoken to me — first, my senses are exercised; next, my reason — it judges the meaning of the words, of the thought, then it delivers the sentiment to my spiritual faculty. Is it religiously true, suitable, and precious? Simple reason could not pronounce upon this; but my religious heart does. I am told of the existence of a God; my senses cannot recognise Him, my reason cannot demonstrate Him, but my spiritual nature confesses His existence, just as the heart confesses love. I am told of the Incarnation; neither sense nor reason can prove it; but my religious consciousness testifies that it is precisely what my condition needed. So with the atonement — the regeneration of the Holy Spirit, the resurrection of Christ; and the immortal life that He gives. II. How DID PAUL SET FORTH CHRIST? (ver. 1). Not as a rhetorician, or a moral philosopher. Why not? There is no merit in abjuring reason, when it is a process of reasoning that has to be conducted. But it was not an argument that Paul had to conduct; it was a testimony of God that he had to bear. It was not a science of religion that he had to construct; it was a simple fact that he had to declare. Men knew all about sin; he did not need to prove that they were sinful. Men earnestly craved to know "what they must do to be saved." He did not need to reason about that. And he simply declared the great fact that "Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners"; that was all he said, but that was enough. Thus, receiving his testimony to the Divine fact, the faith of these men "stood not in the wisdom of men, but in the power of God." Christ, then, is to be preached, and His atonement set forth by bearing testimony. It is the cry of a herald rather than a philosophical argument. The physician does not need to prove to the sick that they need healing; he needs only say, "Wilt thou be made whole?" Preaching Christ is simply setting Him forth as the great gift of the Father's love. They who hear the testimony have only to trust in the crucified Christ for forgiveness and life. And when so believing God's testimony we receive Christ, and have experience of His redeeming grace, our "faith stands in the power of God."We have the witness in ourselves— a certainty and strength of belief which is like the consciousness of life; argument cannot disturb it. Christ is "formed in us"; we "know whom we have believed.(H. Allon, D. D.) 5888 inferiority 6671 grace, and Christian life November the Eighth the Organ of Spiritual vision The Apostle's Theme Heaven Natural or Spiritual? 1 Corinthians ii. 12 My Life in Christ The Personality of the Holy Spirit. No Minister Ought to Keep a Faithful Person from the Communion, that Does Desire and Ask It, Whilst He Doth not Know his Conscience Defiled with Mortal Sin. And These Signs are Sufficient to Prove that the Faith of Christ Alone Is... Letter xv (Circa A. D. 1129) to Alvisus, Abbot of Anchin Of Certain Outward Temptations and Appearances of Satan. Of the Sufferings Thereby Occasioned. Counsels for those who Go On Letter Lix. To Marcella. On the Words of the Gospel, John v. 25,"Verily, Verily, I Say unto You, the Hour Cometh, and Now Is, when the Dead Shall Hear The "Seek First the Kingdom of God," &C. "That which we have Seen and Heard, Declare we unto You, that Ye Also May have Fellowship with Us," "Because the Carnal Mind is Enmity against God, for it is not Subject to the Law of God, Neither Indeed Can Be. " Preface. And as to Christ Thy Lord The Ministry of the New Covenant The Book of the Covenant The Death of the Righteous These Discussions, Therefore, Concerning the Different Deserts of Married Women... |