Psalm 97:4
His lightning illuminates the world; the earth sees and trembles.
His lightning
The phrase "His lightning" refers to the powerful and awe-inspiring manifestations of God's presence and authority. In the Hebrew text, the word for lightning is "בְּרָקָיו" (beraqav), which conveys the idea of a sudden and brilliant flash of light. Lightning is often used in Scripture to symbolize God's power and judgment. In the ancient Near Eastern context, lightning was seen as a divine weapon, a tool of the gods. Here, it emphasizes the sovereignty of the Lord over creation, reminding us that His power is unmatched and His presence is both illuminating and fearsome.

illuminates the world
The phrase "illuminates the world" speaks to the pervasive and revealing nature of God's presence. The Hebrew word for "illuminates" is "הֵאִירָה" (he'irah), which means to give light or to shine. This illumination is not just physical but also spiritual, symbolizing the revelation of truth and the exposure of darkness. In a world often shrouded in spiritual darkness, God's light brings clarity, understanding, and guidance. Historically, light has been a metaphor for knowledge and purity, and here it underscores the transformative impact of God's presence on the world.

the earth sees
"The earth sees" indicates the universal recognition of God's majesty and power. The Hebrew verb "רָאָה" (ra'ah) means to see or perceive. This seeing is not merely a physical act but an acknowledgment of God's authority and glory. In the biblical narrative, the earth and its inhabitants are often portrayed as witnesses to God's mighty acts. This phrase suggests that all creation is aware of and responsive to the divine presence, reinforcing the idea that God's glory is evident and undeniable to all who observe it.

and trembles
The phrase "and trembles" captures the reaction of creation to the overwhelming presence of God. The Hebrew word "וַתִּרְעַד" (vatir'ad) means to quake or shake with fear. This trembling is a natural response to the divine majesty and holiness, reflecting a deep reverence and awe. Throughout Scripture, trembling is associated with the fear of the Lord, a recognition of His power and righteousness. It serves as a reminder that while God is loving and merciful, He is also just and worthy of reverence. This trembling is not just fear but a profound respect for the Creator, acknowledging His rightful place as the sovereign ruler of the universe.

Persons / Places / Events
1. God (Yahweh)
The central figure in this Psalm, depicted as the sovereign ruler whose power is manifested through natural phenomena.

2. The Earth
Represents all of creation, which responds to God's majestic power with awe and trembling.

3. Lightning
A symbol of God's power and presence, illuminating the world and causing a reaction from the earth.
Teaching Points
God's Sovereignty and Power
The imagery of lightning in Psalm 97:4 serves as a reminder of God's ultimate control over the natural world. Just as lightning illuminates the sky, God's presence brings light and understanding to our lives.

Creation's Response to God
The earth's trembling is a natural response to God's power. As believers, we are called to respond to God's majesty with reverence and awe, recognizing His authority in our lives.

The Light of God's Presence
Lightning symbolizes illumination. In our spiritual walk, we should seek the light of God's presence to guide us through darkness and uncertainty.

Fear of the Lord
The trembling of the earth can be seen as a metaphor for the fear of the Lord, which is the beginning of wisdom. This fear is not terror but a deep respect and acknowledgment of God's greatness.

God's Revelation Through Nature
Nature itself testifies to God's power and glory. Observing the natural world can lead us to worship and deepen our understanding of God's character.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the imagery of lightning in Psalm 97:4 enhance your understanding of God's power and presence?

2. In what ways can we cultivate a healthy fear of the Lord in our daily lives, similar to the earth's response in this verse?

3. How can observing God's creation lead us to a deeper appreciation of His majesty and authority?

4. What are some practical ways we can seek the light of God's presence in times of darkness or uncertainty?

5. How do the events at Mount Sinai (Exodus 19) and the throne room scene in Revelation 4 help us understand the significance of God's power as described in Psalm 97:4?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 19:16-19
The giving of the Law at Mount Sinai, where God's presence is accompanied by thunder and lightning, illustrating His power and holiness.

Job 37:3-4
Describes God's voice as thunder and His control over lightning, emphasizing His sovereignty over creation.

Revelation 4:5
Lightning and thunder proceed from God's throne, symbolizing His majesty and authority in the heavenly realm.
How May Our Belief of God's Governing the World Support Us in All Worldly DistractionsS. Slater, M.A.Psalm 97:1-12
Jehovah is KingR. C. Ford, M.A.Psalm 97:1-12
Jehovah is KingS. Conway Psalm 97:1-12
Jehovah's SovereigntyH. Burton, B.A.Psalm 97:1-12
The Consolation of God's SovereigntyW. Clarkson, B.A.Psalm 97:1-12
The Divine GovernmentEvangelical PreacherPsalm 97:1-12
The Divine Government Matter O Universal JoyC. Backus, M.A.Psalm 97:1-12
The Divine Government of the UniverseW. Morrison, D.D.Psalm 97:1-12
The Divine Government the Joy of Our WorldS. Davies, M.A.Psalm 97:1-12
The Fact and Consequence of the Divine GovernmentG. M. Mackie, M. A.Psalm 97:1-12
The Lord ReignethJ. H. Jowett, M.A.Psalm 97:1-12
The Reign of GodR. Watson.Psalm 97:1-12
The Reign of God Over the WorldHomilistPsalm 97:1-12
The Sign of the Storm GodR. Tuck Psalm 97:3-5
People
Psalmist
Places
Jerusalem
Topics
Bright, Enlightened, Fear, Flames, Lighted, Lighten, Lightened, Lightning, Lightnings, Lights, Lit, Pained, Sees, Trembled, Trembles
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Psalm 97:4

     1670   symbols
     4834   light, natural
     4838   lightning

Psalm 97:2-4

     1454   theophany

Library
August 13. "Clouds and Darkness are Round About Him" (Ps. Xcvii. 2).
"Clouds and darkness are round about Him" (Ps. xcvii. 2). The presence of clouds upon your sky, and trials in your path, is the very best evidence that you are following the pillar of cloud, and walking in the presence of God. They had to enter the cloud before they could behold the glory of the transfiguration, and a little later that same cloud became the chariot to receive the ascending Lord, and it is still waiting as the chariot that will bring His glorious appearing. Still it is true that white
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

June the Thirteenth Clouded but not Lost!
"Clouds and darkness are round about Him." --PSALM xcvii. When Lincoln had been assassinated, and word of the tragedy came to New York, "the people were in a state of mind which urges to violence." A man appeared on the balcony of one of the newspaper offices, waving a small flag, and a clear voice rang through the air: "Fellow-citizens! Clouds and darkness are round about Him! His pavilion is dark waters, and thick clouds of the skies! Justice and judgment are the habitation of His throne! Fellow-citizens,
John Henry Jowett—My Daily Meditation for the Circling Year

Righteous Hatred
The duty here enjoined is a general one to all God's people. We are to hate all evi--not some evils. It was said, you know, long ago, of certain professors, that they did "Compound for sins they were inclined to By damning those they had no mind to." And there are some, I dare say, at this day, who think others extremely guilty for committing iniquities which they do not care to commit, but they themselves commit other sins with which they deal very gently. O Christian, never take hold of sin, except
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 4: 1858

We Too are Thine.
"The Lord reigneth; let the earth rejoice."--Psalm 97:1. "Herr, unser Gott, mit Ehrfurcht dienen." [68]G. Tersteegen. transl., Sarah Findlater, 1858 Lord our God, in reverence lowly, The hosts of heaven call Thee "holy." From cherubim and seraphim, From angel phalanx, far extending, In fuller tones is still ascending The "holy, holy," of their hymn. The fount of joy Thou art, Ever filling every heart, Ever! ever! We too are Thine, and with them sing, "Thou, Lord, and only Thou art King." Lord,
Jane Borthwick—Hymns from the Land of Luther

The Morning Light
Arise, shine; for thy light is come, and the glory of the LORD is risen upon thee. For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the LORD shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee. And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising. O ne strong internal proof that the Bible is a divine revelation, may be drawn from the subject matter; and particularly that it is the book, and the only book, that teaches us to
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

Sixth Day. Holiness and Glory.
Who is like unto Thee, O Lord! among the gods? Who is like unto Thee, glorious in holiness, Fearful in praises, doing wonders? Thou in Thy mercy hast led Thy people which Thou hast redeemed: Thou hast guided them in Thy strength to the habitation of Thy holiness ... The holy place, O Lord, which Thy hands have established.' --Ex. xv. 11-17. In these words we have another step in advance in the revelation of Holiness. We have here for the first time Holiness predicated of God Himself. He
Andrew Murray—Holy in Christ

Man's Chief End
Q-I: WHAT IS THE CHIEF END OF MAN? A: Man's chief end is to glorify God, and to enjoy him for ever. Here are two ends of life specified. 1: The glorifying of God. 2: The enjoying of God. I. The glorifying of God, I Pet 4:4: That God in all things may be glorified.' The glory of God is a silver thread which must run through all our actions. I Cor 10:01. Whether therefore ye eat or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God.' Everything works to some end in things natural and artificial;
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

The Second Commandment
Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am o jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of then that hate me; and shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments.' Exod 20: 4-6. I. Thou shalt not
Thomas Watson—The Ten Commandments

The Ascension of Messiah to Glory
Lift up your head, O ye gates; and be ye lift up, ye everlasting doors; and the King of glory shall come in. Who is this King of glory? The LORD strong and mighty, the LORD mighty in battle. Lift up your heads, O ye gates; even lift them up, ye everlasting doors; and the King of glory shall come in. Who is this King of glory? The LORD of hosts, he is the King of glory. T he institutions of the Levitical law were a "shadow" or "sketch" of good things to come. They exhibited a faint and general outline
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 2

Being Made Archbishop of Armagh, He Suffers Many Troubles. Peace Being Made, from Being Archbishop of Armagh He Becomes Bishop of Down.
[Sidenote: 1129] 19. (12). Meanwhile[365] it happened that Archbishop Cellach[366] fell sick: he it was who ordained Malachy deacon, presbyter and bishop: and knowing that he was dying he made a sort of testament[367] to the effect that Malachy ought to succeed him,[368] because none seemed worthier to be bishop of the first see. This he gave in charge to those who were present, this he commanded to the absent, this to the two kings of Munster[369] and to the magnates of the land he specially enjoined
H. J. Lawlor—St. Bernard of Clairvaux's Life of St. Malachy of Armagh

Messiah Despised, and Rejected of Men
He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrow, and acquainted with grief. T he heathen moralists, ignorant of the character and perfections of God, the true dignity and immorality of the soul, and the root and extent of human depravity, had no better foundation, for what they call virtue, than pride; no higher aim in their regulations, than the interests of society, and the conduct of civil life. They expressed, indeed, occasionally, some sentiments of a superior kind; but these, however just
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

Psalms
The piety of the Old Testament Church is reflected with more clearness and variety in the Psalter than in any other book of the Old Testament. It constitutes the response of the Church to the divine demands of prophecy, and, in a less degree, of law; or, rather, it expresses those emotions and aspirations of the universal heart which lie deeper than any formal demand. It is the speech of the soul face to face with God. Its words are as simple and unaffected as human words can be, for it is the genius
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

Links
Psalm 97:4 NIV
Psalm 97:4 NLT
Psalm 97:4 ESV
Psalm 97:4 NASB
Psalm 97:4 KJV

Psalm 97:4 Commentaries

Bible Hub
Psalm 97:3
Top of Page
Top of Page