Philemon 1:2

to Apphia our sister, to Archippus our fellow soldier, and to the church that meets at your house:

Study Bible

to Apphia our sister
The name "Apphia" is believed to be of Phrygian origin, suggesting that she was likely a member of the local community in Colossae. The term "our sister" indicates her close relationship with the early Christian community, emphasizing the familial bonds that transcended biological ties. In the Greek, "sister" (ἀδελφή, adelphē) is used to denote a spiritual kinship, highlighting the unity and equality among believers. This phrase underscores the important role women played in the early church, participating actively in the ministry and fellowship.

to Archippus our fellow soldier
"Archippus" is addressed as "our fellow soldier," a metaphorical expression that Paul often uses to describe the Christian life as a spiritual battle. The Greek word for "fellow soldier" (συστρατιώτης, systratiōtēs) conveys a sense of camaraderie and shared mission. Archippus is also mentioned in Colossians 4:17, where Paul encourages him to fulfill his ministry. This suggests that Archippus held a position of responsibility within the church, possibly as a leader or teacher. The military imagery reflects the discipline, commitment, and perseverance required in the Christian faith.

and to the church that meets at your house
The phrase "the church that meets at your house" provides insight into the early Christian practice of gathering in private homes for worship and fellowship. The Greek word for "church" (ἐκκλησία, ekklēsia) originally referred to an assembly or gathering, and in the New Testament, it denotes the community of believers. House churches were common in the first century due to the lack of formal church buildings and the need for intimate, supportive environments. This setting fostered close relationships and allowed for personal discipleship and accountability. The mention of a house church also highlights the hospitality and generosity of Philemon, who opened his home for the service of the Gospel.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Apphia
Likely a member of Philemon's household, possibly his wife. She is addressed as "our sister," indicating her role in the early Christian community.

2. Archippus
Described as "our fellow soldier," suggesting he was a leader or active worker in the church. He is also mentioned in Colossians 4:17, which implies a significant role in the ministry.

3. The Church in Philemon's House
Early Christian communities often met in homes. This reflects the intimate and personal nature of early church gatherings, emphasizing fellowship and shared faith.

Teaching Points

The Role of Women in the Early Church
Apphia's mention signifies the important role women played in the early Christian communities. Women were integral to the ministry and support of the church.

The Importance of Spiritual Fellowship
The reference to the church meeting in a house underscores the value of close-knit fellowship and community in spiritual growth and support.

Commitment to Ministry
Archippus is called a "fellow soldier," which implies dedication and perseverance in ministry. Believers are encouraged to remain steadfast in their service to God.

Hospitality as a Ministry
Hosting a church in one's home, as Philemon did, is a form of ministry. Hospitality is a powerful way to serve and build the body of Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. What can we learn from Apphia's role in the early church about the involvement of women in ministry today?

2. How does the concept of a house church challenge or inspire our current understanding of church gatherings?

3. In what ways can we be "fellow soldiers" like Archippus in our own communities and ministries?

4. How can we practice hospitality in our own lives as a means of serving the church and spreading the Gospel?

5. What are some practical steps we can take to foster deeper fellowship and community within our church or small group?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Colossians 4:17
Archippus is mentioned, encouraging him to fulfill his ministry. This connection highlights the importance of perseverance and dedication in one's calling.

Romans 16:5
Paul greets the church that meets in the house of Priscilla and Aquila, showing the common practice of house churches in the early Christian era.

1 Corinthians 16:19
Another reference to a church meeting in a home, reinforcing the idea of intimate gatherings and the role of households in the spread of the Gospel.