and from Mount Hor to Lebo-hamath, then extend to Zedad, from Mount HorMount Hor is a significant landmark in the biblical narrative, marking the boundary of the land allotted to the Israelites. In Hebrew, "Hor" (הֹר) can mean "mountain" or "hill." This mountain is traditionally identified with the modern Jebel Harun in Jordan, believed to be the burial place of Aaron, Moses' brother. The mention of Mount Hor serves as a reminder of the journey and trials of the Israelites in the wilderness, symbolizing both a physical and spiritual boundary. It represents a point of transition from wandering to the promise of settlement, echoing the faithfulness of God in leading His people. to Lebo-hamath
Lebo-hamath, often translated as "entrance to Hamath," refers to a northern boundary of the Promised Land. The Hebrew root "Lebo" (לְבוֹא) means "to enter" or "entrance," and "Hamath" (חֲמָת) was a significant city-state in ancient Syria. This phrase indicates the extent of the land God promised to the Israelites, stretching to the northern territories. Historically, Hamath was a center of commerce and culture, and its inclusion in the boundary signifies the vastness and richness of the land God was giving to His people. It underscores the fulfillment of God's covenant promises, extending the borders of Israel to encompass a land of abundance and strategic importance. then the border shall proceed to Zedad
Zedad is a location mentioned as part of the northern boundary of the land. The Hebrew root "Zedad" (צְדָד) is less clear, but it is thought to be a place of significance in defining the territorial limits. The progression of the border to Zedad illustrates the precision and care with which God delineates the inheritance of His people. It reflects the divine order and structure in the allocation of the land, ensuring that each tribe receives its rightful portion. This meticulous detailing of boundaries serves as a metaphor for God's attention to detail in His plans for His people, emphasizing His sovereignty and the importance of obedience to His commands. Persons / Places / Events 1. Mount HorA significant location in the Bible, known as the place where Aaron, the brother of Moses, died. It marks a boundary point in the land allocation for the Israelites. 2. Lebo-hamathA northern boundary point for the land of Canaan, often associated with the entrance to Hamath, a region that was significant in defining the extent of the Promised Land. 3. ZedadAnother boundary marker in the northern part of the land promised to the Israelites. Its exact location is uncertain, but it is part of the delineation of the land. 4. The IsraelitesThe people of God, to whom the land is being apportioned as part of the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham. 5. The Promised LandThe land of Canaan, which God promised to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This passage is part of the instructions for dividing this land among the tribes of Israel. Teaching Points God's Faithfulness to His PromisesThe delineation of the land boundaries in Numbers 34:8 is a testament to God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to Abraham and his descendants. Believers can trust in God's promises in their own lives, knowing He is faithful to fulfill them. The Importance of BoundariesJust as God set physical boundaries for the Israelites, He sets spiritual and moral boundaries for His people today. Understanding and respecting these boundaries is crucial for living a life that honors God. The Role of Leadership in God's PlanMoses, as a leader, was responsible for communicating God's instructions regarding the land. This highlights the importance of godly leadership in guiding and directing God's people according to His will. Inheritance and IdentityThe land was not just a physical inheritance but also a part of the Israelites' identity as God's chosen people. Believers today have an inheritance in Christ that shapes their identity and purpose. Bible Study Questions 1. How does the promise of land to the Israelites in Numbers 34:8 reflect God's faithfulness, and how can this encourage us in our personal walk with God? 2. In what ways do the boundaries set by God for the Israelites parallel the spiritual and moral boundaries He sets for us today? 3. How can we apply the principle of godly leadership, as seen in Moses' role, to our own lives and communities? 4. What does the concept of inheritance in the Promised Land teach us about our inheritance in Christ, and how should this impact our daily lives? 5. How can understanding the historical and geographical context of Numbers 34:8 enhance our appreciation of God's promises and their fulfillment in the Bible? Connections to Other Scriptures Genesis 15God's covenant with Abraham, promising the land to his descendants, sets the stage for the land division in Numbers. Joshua 13-21The actual division and allotment of the land among the tribes of Israel, fulfilling the instructions given in Numbers 34. Ezekiel 47A prophetic vision of the boundaries of the land, which echoes the boundaries described in Numbers 34, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises. People Addar, Ahihud, Ammihud, Asher, Azzan, Benjamin, Bukki, Caleb, Chislon, Dan, Eleazar, Elidad, Elizaphan, Enan, Gad, Hanniel, Israelites, Issachar, Jephunneh, Jogli, Joseph, Joshua, Kemuel, Manasseh, Moses, Naphtali, Nun, Paltiel, Parnach, Pedahel, Phaltiel, Reuben, Samuel, Shelomi, Shemuel, Shiphtan, Simeon, ZebulunPlaces Ain, Akrabbim, Brook of Egypt, Canaan, Edom, Great Sea, Hazar-addar, Hazar-enan, Jordan River, Kadesh-barnea, Lebo-hamath, Mount Hor, Plains of Moab, Riblah, Salt Sea, Sea of Chinnereth, Shepham, Zedad, Zin, ZiphronTopics Border, Boundary, Designate, Direction, Draw, Entrance, Farthest, Forth, Goings, Hamath, Hor, Lebo, Lebo-hamath, Limits, Line, Mark, Mount, Outgoings, Point, Termination, Zedad, ZededDictionary of Bible Themes Numbers 34:1-12 4207 land, divine gift Numbers 34:1-15 7258 promised land, early history Library The Talmudic Girdle of the Land under the Second Temple, Taken Out of the Jerusalem Sheviith, Fol. 36 3
What all these things mean, I cannot so much as conjecture; yea, nor can I scarce conjecture, what the meaning is of some of them. Neither is there any Oedipus at hand, nor Sphinx herself, to explain and unriddle them. The Talmudists are silent from making any comments here, nor have we the advantage of any other commentator. We must, therefore, act here according to the uncertain instruction of nods and winks; and that either by saying nothing, or by mere conjecture, since that the mind of the authors …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and HebraicaThe Northern Coasts of Galilee. Amanah. The Mountain of Snow.
This coast is described by Moses, Numbers 34:7: "From the Great Sea to mount Hor: from mount Hor to the entrance of Hamath," &c. Mount Hor, in the Jewish writers, is Amanah; mention of which occurs, Canticles 4:8, where R. Solomon thus: "Amanah is a mount in the northern coast of the land of Israel, which in the Talmudical language is called, The mountainous plain of Amanon; the same with mount Hor." In the Jerusalem Targum, for mount 'Hor' is the mount Manus: but the Targum of Jonathan renders it …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica What is to be Said of the Sea of Apamia.
'The sea of Apamia' is reckoned the seventh among those seas that compass the land of Israel; which word hath a sound so near akin to the word Pamias, by which name the Rabbins point out the fountains of Jordan,--that the mention of that word cannot but excite the memory of this, yea, almost persuade that both design one and the same place: and that the sea Apamia was nothing else but some great collection of waters at the very springs of Jordan. This also might moreover be added to strengthen that …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica Pamias. Paneas, the Spring of Jordan.
The maps assign a double spring of Jordan; but by what right it scarce appears; much less does it appear by what right they should call this Jor,--and that Dan. There is indeed mention in Josephus of little Jordan and great Jordan. Hence, as it seems, was the first original of the double spring in the maps, and of a double river at those first springs. For thus Josephus; "There are fountains (in Daphne) which send little Jordan, as it is called, into the great." He treats, in the text cited, of the …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica The Lake of Gennesaret; Or, the Sea of Galilee and Tiberias.
Jordan is measured at one hundred and twenty furlongs, from the lake of Samochonitis to that of Gennesaret. That lake, in the Old Testament, is 'The sea of Chinnereth,' Numbers 34:11, &c. In the Targumists, 'The sea of Genesar'; sometimes, 'of Genesor'; sometimes, 'of Ginosar': it is the same also in the Talmudists, but most frequently 'The sea of Tiberiah.' Both names are used by the evangelists; 'the lake of Gennesaret,' Luke 5:1; 'the sea of Tiberias,' John 21:1; and 'the sea of Galilee,' John …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica Subterraneous Places. Mines. Caves.
Thus having taken some notice of the superficies of the land, let us a little search into its bowels. You may divide the subterraneous country into three parts: the metal mines, the caves, and the places of burial. This land was eminently noted for metal mines, so that "its stones," in very many places, "were iron, and out of its hills was digged brass," Deuteronomy 8:9. From these gain accrued to the Jews: but to the Christians, not seldom slavery and misery; being frequently condemned hither by …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica Arbel. Shezor. Tarnegola the Upper.
"Arbel a city of Galilee."--There is mention of it in Hosea 10:14. But there are authors which do very differently interpret that place, viz. the Chaldee paraphrast, R. Solomon, Kimchi: consult them. It was between Zippor and Tiberias. Hence Nittai the Arbelite, who was president with Josua Ben Perahiah. The valley of Arbel is mentioned by the Talmudists. So also "The Arbelite Bushel." "Near Zephath in Upper Galilee was a town named Shezor, whence was R. Simeon Shezori: there he was buried. There …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica The Coast of the Asphaltites, the Essenes. En-Gedi.
"On the western shore" (of the Asphaltites) "dwell the Essenes; whom persons, guilty of any crimes, fly from on every side. A nation it is that lives alone, and of all other nations in the whole world, most to be admired; they are without any woman; all lust banished, &c. Below these, was the town Engadda, the next to Jerusalem for fruitfulness, and groves of palm-trees, now another burying-place. From thence stands Massada, a castle in a rock, and this castle not far from the Asphaltites." Solinus, …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica Jesus Calls Four Fishermen to Follow Him.
(Sea of Galilee, Near Capernaum.) ^A Matt. IV. 18-22; ^B Mark I. 16-20; ^C Luke V. 1-11. ^a 18 And walking ^b 16 And passing along by the sea of Galilee [This lake is a pear-shaped body of water, about twelve and a half miles long and about seven miles across at its widest place. It is 682 feet below sea level; its waters are fresh, clear and abounding in fish, and it is surrounded by hills and mountains, which rise from 600 to 1,000 feet above it. Its greatest depth is about 165 feet], he [Jesus] …
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel Kadesh. Rekam, and that Double. Inquiry is Made, Whether the Doubling it in the Maps is Well Done.
The readers of the eastern interpreters will observe, that Kadesh is rendered by all Rekam, or in a sound very near it. In the Chaldee, it is 'Rekam': in the Syriac, 'Rekem': in the Arabic, 'Rakim'... There are two places noted by the name Rekam in the very bounds of the land,--to wit, the southern and eastern: that is, a double Kadesh. I. Of Kadesh, or Rekam, in the south part, there is no doubt. II. Of it, in the eastern part, there is this mention: "From Rekam to the east, and Rekam is as the …
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica Numbers
Like the last part of Exodus, and the whole of Leviticus, the first part of Numbers, i.-x. 28--so called,[1] rather inappropriately, from the census in i., iii., (iv.), xxvi.--is unmistakably priestly in its interests and language. Beginning with a census of the men of war (i.) and the order of the camp (ii.), it devotes specific attention to the Levites, their numbers and duties (iii., iv.). Then follow laws for the exclusion of the unclean, v. 1-4, for determining the manner and amount of restitution …
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament Links Numbers 34:8 NIVNumbers 34:8 NLTNumbers 34:8 ESVNumbers 34:8 NASBNumbers 34:8 KJV
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