Numbers 27:1

Now the daughters of Zelophehad son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, belonged to the clans of Manasseh son of Joseph. These were the names of his daughters: Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. They approached

Study Bible

Now the daughters of Zelophehad
This phrase introduces a significant narrative in the history of Israel, highlighting the daughters of Zelophehad. The Hebrew word for "daughters" (בָּנוֹת, banot) emphasizes their identity as women in a patriarchal society. Zelophehad's daughters are notable for their courage and faith, stepping forward to claim their inheritance rights. This act is a precursor to the New Testament's affirmation of the value and dignity of women in the Kingdom of God.

son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh
This genealogical detail situates the daughters within the tribe of Manasseh, one of the tribes of Israel. The lineage traces back to Joseph, a key figure in Israel's history. The mention of these ancestors underscores the daughters' legitimate claim to an inheritance, as they are part of a prominent family line. Historically, this genealogy reflects the importance of land and heritage in Israelite society, where family ties determined one's place and rights within the community.

belonged to the clans of Manasseh son of Joseph
The phrase "belonged to the clans" (לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹת, le-mishpechot) indicates their association with a larger family group within the tribe of Manasseh. This connection to Joseph, a patriarch known for his faithfulness and leadership, adds weight to their petition. Theologically, it reminds us of God's providential care and the fulfillment of His promises to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

The names of the daughters were Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah
Each name carries significance, reflecting the identity and character of these women. In Hebrew culture, names often conveyed prophetic or personal meaning. Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah are remembered for their boldness and faith. Their account is a testament to God's justice and the breaking of societal norms to uphold righteousness. This narrative foreshadows the inclusive nature of God's kingdom, where all are valued and have a place in His divine plan.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Zelophehad
A descendant of Manasseh, son of Joseph. He had no sons, only daughters, which was significant in the context of inheritance laws.

2. Daughters of Zelophehad
Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. These women approached Moses to request an inheritance, challenging the existing norms of inheritance.

3. Manasseh
One of the tribes of Israel, descended from Joseph. The daughters belonged to this tribe, which was significant in the context of land distribution.

4. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who was approached by the daughters for a ruling on their inheritance rights.

5. Israelite Inheritance Laws
The context of this event is the distribution of land among the tribes of Israel, which traditionally passed through male heirs.

Teaching Points

Courage to Challenge Injustice
The daughters of Zelophehad demonstrated courage by approaching Moses and challenging the status quo. Believers are encouraged to stand up for justice and righteousness, even when it goes against tradition.

God's Provision for All
This passage highlights God's care and provision for all His people, regardless of gender. It reminds us that God's laws are just and inclusive.

Faith in Action
The daughters' faith in God's promises led them to take action. Believers are called to actively pursue God's promises in their lives.

The Role of Women in God's Plan
This account underscores the important role women play in God's plan, encouraging the church to recognize and support the contributions of women.

Inheritance in Christ
Just as the daughters sought their inheritance, believers are reminded of their spiritual inheritance in Christ, which is available to all who believe.

Bible Study Questions

1. What can we learn from the daughters of Zelophehad about addressing perceived injustices in our own communities?

2. How does the account of the daughters of Zelophehad challenge traditional views on gender roles within the church?

3. In what ways does this passage encourage us to trust in God's provision, even when circumstances seem unfavorable?

4. How does the resolution of the daughters' request in Joshua 17:3-6 demonstrate God's faithfulness to His promises?

5. How can the principles seen in this passage be applied to modern discussions about equality and justice within the church and society?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Joshua 17:3-6
This passage recounts the fulfillment of the daughters' request, showing the impact of their appeal on Israelite inheritance laws.

Galatians 3:28
This New Testament verse speaks to the equality of all believers in Christ, reflecting the breaking of traditional barriers seen in the daughters' account.

Genesis 48:5-6
Joseph's sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, receive a blessing from Jacob, establishing the tribes and their inheritance rights.