Matthew 9:14

At that time John's disciples came to Jesus and asked, "Why is it that we and the Pharisees fast so often, but Your disciples do not fast?"

Study Bible

Then the disciples of John
This phrase refers to the followers of John the Baptist, a significant prophetic figure who prepared the way for Jesus. The Greek word for "disciples" is "μαθηταί" (mathētai), indicating learners or students. John's disciples were committed to his teachings and practices, which included fasting as a sign of repentance and devotion. Historically, John the Baptist's ministry was characterized by a call to repentance and preparation for the coming Messiah, which his disciples earnestly followed.

came to Him
The act of coming to Jesus signifies a direct approach to the source of divine wisdom and authority. The Greek verb "προσέρχομαι" (proserchomai) implies drawing near with intention. This approach reflects a genuine quest for understanding and clarity, as John's disciples sought to reconcile their practices with those of Jesus' followers. It highlights the openness of Jesus' ministry to questions and dialogue, a hallmark of His teaching style.

and asked
The Greek word "λέγοντες" (legontes) is used here, meaning "saying" or "asking." This indicates a respectful inquiry rather than a challenge. The disciples of John were not confrontational but were seeking insight into the differences in religious practices. This reflects a broader theme in the Gospels where questions are used as a means to reveal deeper truths and understanding.

Why do we and the Pharisees fast often
Fasting was a common religious practice among Jews, often associated with mourning, repentance, and seeking God's favor. The Greek word for "fast" is "νηστεύω" (nēsteuō), which means to abstain from food for spiritual purposes. The Pharisees, known for their strict adherence to the law, fasted regularly as a demonstration of piety. This question highlights the tension between traditional religious practices and the new way of life introduced by Jesus.

but Your disciples do not fast?
This contrast points to a significant shift in religious observance introduced by Jesus. The absence of fasting among Jesus' disciples suggests a new understanding of God's kingdom, characterized by joy and presence rather than ritualistic observance. The Greek word "νηστεύουσιν" (nēsteuousin) is used here, emphasizing the ongoing nature of the practice that Jesus' disciples were not engaging in. This reflects the transformative nature of Jesus' ministry, where the focus is on the presence of the Bridegroom, as Jesus later explains, rather than on traditional expressions of piety.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Disciples of John
Followers of John the Baptist, who practiced fasting as a sign of repentance and devotion.

2. Jesus
Central figure in the New Testament, whose teachings and actions often challenged traditional Jewish practices.

3. Pharisees
A Jewish sect known for strict adherence to the Law and traditions, including regular fasting.

4. Fasting
A religious practice involving abstaining from food, often associated with mourning, repentance, or seeking God's guidance.

Teaching Points

Understanding Fasting in Context
Fasting is not merely a ritual but a spiritual discipline meant to draw us closer to God. Jesus' response highlights the importance of understanding the purpose and timing of fasting.

The Presence of Christ
Jesus implies that His presence changes the dynamics of spiritual practices. When Christ is with us, our focus shifts from ritual to relationship.

New Covenant Perspective
Under the New Covenant, practices like fasting are transformed. They are not abolished but are given new meaning in light of Christ's work.

Balance of Tradition and Relationship
While traditions like fasting have value, they should not overshadow the personal relationship with Christ. Our spiritual practices should enhance, not hinder, our walk with Him.

Discernment in Spiritual Practices
Believers are called to discern the appropriateness of spiritual disciplines in their lives, ensuring they align with the teachings of Christ and the leading of the Holy Spirit.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the presence of Jesus change the traditional understanding of fasting for His disciples?

2. In what ways can fasting be a meaningful practice for Christians today, and how should it differ from mere ritual?

3. How can we ensure that our spiritual practices, like fasting, are focused on deepening our relationship with Christ rather than fulfilling religious obligations?

4. What lessons can we learn from the disciples of John and the Pharisees about the potential pitfalls of religious practices?

5. How can we apply the principles of fasting and other spiritual disciplines in our daily lives to reflect the teachings of Jesus?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 6:16-18
Jesus teaches about the proper attitude towards fasting, emphasizing sincerity over public display.

Isaiah 58:3-7
Discusses the true purpose of fasting, focusing on justice and compassion rather than mere ritual.

Luke 5:33-35
A parallel account where Jesus explains the appropriateness of fasting in relation to His presence.

Acts 13:2-3
Early Christians fasted and prayed for guidance, showing the continued relevance of fasting in the New Testament.