Matthew 12:31
Therefore I tell you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven.
Therefore I tell you
This phrase serves as a solemn introduction to a profound truth. The Greek word for "therefore" (διὰ τοῦτο, dia touto) indicates a conclusion drawn from previous statements. Jesus is emphasizing the gravity of His message, urging His listeners to pay close attention. In the context of Matthew 12, Jesus has been addressing the Pharisees' accusations and their hardened hearts. The phrase "I tell you" (λέγω ὑμῖν, legō hymin) underscores His authority as the Son of God, speaking with divine insight and authority.

every sin and blasphemy
The Greek word for "every" (πᾶς, pas) signifies the comprehensive nature of God's forgiveness. "Sin" (ἁμαρτία, hamartia) refers to any act that falls short of God's glory, while "blasphemy" (βλασφημία, blasphēmia) specifically denotes speaking irreverently about God. Historically, blasphemy was a serious offense in Jewish law, punishable by death (Leviticus 24:16). Jesus' statement here highlights the boundless scope of divine mercy, where even grievous offenses can be forgiven through repentance.

will be forgiven men
The promise of forgiveness is central to the Gospel message. The Greek verb "forgiven" (ἀφεθήσεται, aphethēsetai) is in the future passive, indicating that forgiveness is an act of divine grace, not human merit. This assurance of forgiveness is a cornerstone of Christian faith, reflecting God's desire for reconciliation with humanity. The historical context of first-century Judaism, with its sacrificial system, underscores the radical nature of Jesus' proclamation that forgiveness is available to all who seek it.

but the blasphemy against the Spirit
This phrase introduces a solemn exception. "Blasphemy against the Spirit" (τὸ πνεῦμα, to pneuma) refers to a deliberate, willful rejection of the Holy Spirit's work and testimony about Christ. The Holy Spirit is the agent of conviction and regeneration, and to blaspheme against Him is to reject the very means of salvation. In the scriptural context, the Pharisees' attribution of Jesus' miracles to demonic power exemplifies this sin, as they were denying the Spirit's testimony to Jesus' divine identity.

will not be forgiven
The finality of this statement is sobering. The Greek construction (οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται, ouk aphethēsetai) emphasizes the impossibility of forgiveness for this particular sin. This is not due to a limitation in God's mercy but rather the nature of the sin itself, which involves a hardened heart that persistently rejects the Spirit's witness. From a conservative Christian perspective, this serves as a warning against persistent unbelief and a call to remain open to the Spirit's leading. The historical and theological context underscores the seriousness of rejecting the Spirit's work, as it is tantamount to rejecting the salvation offered through Christ.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Jesus Christ
The speaker of this verse, addressing the Pharisees and the crowd. He is the central figure in the Gospel of Matthew, teaching about the Kingdom of God.

2. Pharisees
A religious group in Judaism known for strict adherence to the Law. They are often in conflict with Jesus over interpretations of the Law and traditions.

3. Holy Spirit
The third person of the Trinity, whose work and presence are essential in the life of believers. The blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is a central theme in this verse.

4. Blasphemy
Speaking against or showing irreverence towards God. In this context, it refers specifically to a sin against the Holy Spirit.

5. Forgiveness
A key theme in Christian doctrine, emphasizing God's willingness to forgive sins, except for the blasphemy against the Holy Spirit as stated in this verse.
Teaching Points
Understanding Blasphemy Against the Spirit
This sin involves a deliberate and persistent rejection of the Holy Spirit's work and testimony about Christ. It is not a single act but a hardened state of heart.

The Gravity of Words and Actions
Our words and actions reflect our heart's condition. We must be cautious not to attribute the work of the Holy Spirit to evil, as the Pharisees did.

God's Abundant Forgiveness
While this verse highlights an unforgivable sin, it also underscores God's readiness to forgive all other sins and blasphemies when we repent.

The Role of the Holy Spirit
The Holy Spirit is essential in convicting us of sin and leading us to Christ. Acknowledge and respect His work in your life and the lives of others.

Guarding Against Hardness of Heart
Regularly examine your heart and remain open to the Holy Spirit's conviction and guidance to avoid developing a hardened heart.
Bible Study Questions
1. What does it mean to blaspheme against the Holy Spirit, and why is it considered unforgivable?

2. How can we ensure that we are not attributing the work of the Holy Spirit to something evil, as the Pharisees did?

3. In what ways can we cultivate a heart that is sensitive to the Holy Spirit's leading and conviction?

4. How does understanding God's willingness to forgive all other sins impact your view of His grace and mercy?

5. Reflect on a time when you felt the Holy Spirit's conviction. How did you respond, and what did you learn from that experience?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Mark 3:28-30
This passage parallels Matthew 12:31, providing additional context about the unforgivable sin and the accusations against Jesus by the Pharisees.

Luke 12:10
Another parallel passage that reiterates the warning about blasphemy against the Holy Spirit.

1 John 1:9
Highlights the promise of forgiveness for confessed sins, contrasting with the unforgivable nature of blasphemy against the Spirit.

Hebrews 6:4-6
Discusses the impossibility of repentance for those who have fallen away after experiencing the Holy Spirit, which can be related to the concept of blasphemy against the Spirit.
Blasphemy Against the Holy GhostW. Reid, D. D.Matthew 12:31
Conscience Most NeededH. W. Beecher.Matthew 12:31
Disease Fated Because the Remedy is RejectedT. Secker, LL. D.Matthew 12:31
Dissipated Men not Always Destitute of Moral SensibilityH. W. Beecher.Matthew 12:31
Moral Sensibility Man's Best GiftH. W. Beecher.Matthew 12:31
Sin Against the Holy GhostH. W. Beecher.Matthew 12:31
Tampering with the Moral Sense Destructive of ItH. W. Beecher.Matthew 12:31
The Amplitude of Divine ForgivenessDr. Chalmers.Matthew 12:31
The Sin Against the Holy GhostJ. Tillotson.Matthew 12:31
The Sin Against the Holy GhostT. Secker, LL. D.Matthew 12:31
The Unpardonable SinJ. Leifchild., T. Raffles, D. D.Matthew 12:31
The Unpardonable SinJ. Vaughan, M. A.Matthew 12:31
The Unpardonable SinMatthew 12:31
The Unpardonable SinThe Late Grandpierre, D. D.Matthew 12:31
Things We Never Got OverDr. Talmage.Matthew 12:31
The Blasphemy Against the Holy GhostJ.A. Macdonald Matthew 12:22-32
Casting Out Devils, and Blasphemy Against the Holy GhostMarcus Dods Matthew 12:22-37
The Bathos of Detracting BlasphemyP.C. Barker Matthew 12:22-37
People
Beelzebub, David, Isaiah, Jesus, Jonah, Jonas, Ninevites, Solomon
Places
Galilee, Nineveh
Topics
Blasphemy, Evil, Forgiven, Forgiveness, Ghost, Holy, Impious, Injurious, Injuriously, Manner, Reason, Sin, Speaking, Spirit, Wherefore
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Matthew 12:31

     3284   Holy Spirit, resisting

Matthew 12:28-38

     3045   Holy Spirit, sovereignty

Matthew 12:31-32

     3245   Holy Spirit, blasphemy against
     5800   blasphemy
     5896   irreverence
     6021   sin, nature of
     8843   unforgivable sin
     8844   unforgiveness

Library
An Attempt to Account for Jesus
'But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, This man doth not cast out demons, but by Beelzebub, the prince of the demons.'--MATT. xii. 24. Mark's Gospel tells us that this astonishing explanation of Christ and His work was due to the ingenious malice of an ecclesiastical deputation, sent down from Jerusalem to prevent the simple folk in Galilee from being led away by this new Teacher. They must have been very hard put to it to explain undeniable but unwelcome facts, when they hazarded such a preposterous
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

'Make the Tree Good'
'... Make the tree good, and his fruit good....' --MATT. xii. 33. In this Gospel we find that our Lord twice uses this image of a tree and its fruit. In the Sermon on the Mount He applies it as a test to false teachers, who hide, beneath the wool of the sheep's clothing, the fangs and paws of ravening wolves. He says, 'By their deeds ye shall know them; for as is the tree so is its fruit.' That is a rough and ready test, which applies rather to the teacher than to his doctrine, but it applies, to
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

'A Greater than Jonas'
'A greater than Jonas is here.'--MATT. xii. 41. There never was any man in his right mind, still more of influence on his fellows, who made such claims as to himself in such unmistakable language as Jesus Christ does. To say such things of oneself as come from His lips is a sign of a weak, foolish nature. It is fatal to all influence, to all beauty of character. It is not only that He claims official attributes as a fanatical or dishonest pretender to inspiration may do. He does that, but He does
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

'A Greater than Solomon'
'A greater than Solomon is here.'--MATT. xii. 42. It is condescension in Him to compare Himself with any; yet if any might have been selected, it is that great name. To the Jews Solomon is an ideal figure, who appealed so strongly to popular imagination as to become the centre of endless legends; whose dominion was the very apex of national glory, in recounting whose splendours the historical books seem to be scarce able to restrain their triumph and pride. I. The Man. The story gives us a richly
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Pharisees' Sabbath and Christ's
'At that time Jesus went on the Sabbath day through the corn; and His disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat. 2. But when the Pharisees saw it they said unto Him, Behold, Thy disciples do that which is not lawful to do upon the Sabbath day. 3. But he said unto them, Have ye not read what David did, when he was an hungred, and they that were with him; 4. How he entered into the house of God, and did eat the shewbread, which was not lawful for him to eat, neither
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

On the Words of the Gospel, Matt. xii. 32, "Whosoever Shall Speak a Word against the Holy Spirit, it Shall not be Forgiven Him, Neither In
1. There has been a great question raised touching the late lesson of the Gospel, to the solution of which I am unequal by any power of mine own; but "our sufficiency is of God," [2335] to whatever degree we are capable of receiving His aid. First then consider the magnitude of the question; that when ye see the weight of it laid upon my shoulders, ye may pray in aid of my labours, and in the assistance which is vouchsafed to me, may find edification for your own souls. When "one possessed with a
Saint Augustine—sermons on selected lessons of the new testament

On the Words of the Gospel, Matt. xii. 33, "Either Make the Tree Good, and Its Fruit Good," Etc.
1. The Lord Jesus hath admonished us, that we be good trees, and that so we may be able to bear good fruits. For He saith, "Either make the tree good, and his fruit good, or else make the tree corrupt, and his fruit corrupt, for the tree is known by his fruit." [2484] When He says, "Make the tree good, and his fruit good;" this of course is not an admonition, but a wholesome precept, to which obedience is necessary. But when He saith, "Make the tree corrupt, and his fruit corrupt;" this is not a
Saint Augustine—sermons on selected lessons of the new testament

Sweet Comfort for Feeble Saints
I. First, we have before us a view of MORTAL FRAILTY And first, the encouragement offered in our text applies to weak ones. What in the world is weaker than the bruised reed, or the smoking flax? A reed that groweth in the fen or marsh, let but the wild duck light upon it, and it snaps; let but the foot of man brush against it and it is bruised and broken; every wind that comes howling across the river makes it shake to and fro, and well nigh tears it up by the roots. You can conceive of nothing
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 1: 1855

How to Read the Bible
I. That is the subject of our present discourse, or, at least the first point of it, that IN ORDER TO THE TRUE READING OF THE SCRIPTURES THERE MUST BE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THEM. I scarcely need to preface these remarks by saying that we must read the Scriptures. You know how necessary it is that we should be fed upon the truth of Holy Scripture. Need I suggest the question as to whether you do read your Bibles or not? I am afraid that this is a magazine reading age a newspaper reading age a periodical
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 25: 1879

Strength in the Weak.
"He is Faithful that Promised." "A bruised reed shall He not break, and smoking flax shall He not quench."--MATT. xii. 20. Strength in the Weak. Will Jesus accept such a heart as mine?--this erring, treacherous, traitor heart? The past! how many forgotten vows--broken covenants--prayerless days! How often have I made new resolutions, and as often has the reed succumbed to the first blast of temptation, and the burning flax been well-nigh quenched by guilty omissions and guiltier commissions! Oh!
John Ross Macduff—The Faithful Promiser

Identity of Christ's Character.
THE argument expressed by this title I apply principally to the comparison of the first three Gospels with that of Saint John. It is known to every reader of Scripture that the passages of Christ's history preserved by Saint John are, except his passion and resurrection, for the most part different from those which are delivered by the other evangelists. And I think the ancient account of this difference to be the true one, viz., that Saint John wrote after the rest, and to supply what he thought
William Paley—Evidences of Christianity

What are Evidences of Backsliding in Heart.
1. Manifest formality in religious exercises. A stereotyped, formal way of saying and doing things, that is clearly the result of habit, rather than the outgushing of the religious life. This formality will be emotionless and cold as an iceberg, and will evince a total want of earnestness in the performance of religious duty. In prayer and in religious exercises the backslider in heart will pray or praise, or confess, or give thanks with his lips, so that all can hear him, perhaps, but in such a
Charles G. Finney—The Backslider in Heart

Lesser and Fuller Forms.
Moreover, we have endeavoured to use the fullest form, including the words of those Gospels which have the lesser forms of sentences, except where the sentence ends in a period, in which case have given the least form, so that the larger form of the other Gospels might be made apparent; as, for instance, this sentence, taken from Matt. xii. 47; Mark iii. 32; Luke viii. 20: ^c 20 And it was told him, ^a Behold, thy mother and thy brethren bseek for thee. ^c stand without desiring to see thee. ^a seeking
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Jesus Defends Disciples who Pluck Grain on the Sabbath.
(Probably While on the Way from Jerusalem to Galilee.) ^A Matt. XII. 1-8; ^B Mark II. 23-28; ^C Luke VI. 1-5. ^b 23 And ^c 1 Now it came to pass ^a 1 At that season ^b that he ^a Jesus went { ^b was going} on the { ^c a} ^b sabbath day through the grainfields; ^a and his disciples were hungry and began ^b as they went, to pluck the ears. ^a and to eat, ^c and his disciples plucked the ears, and did eat, rubbing them in their hands. [This lesson fits in chronological order with the last, if the Bethesda
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Jesus Heals Multitudes Beside the Sea of Galilee.
^A Matt. XII. 15-21; ^B Mark III. 7-12. ^a 15 And Jesus perceiving it withdrew ^b with his disciples ^a from thence: ^b to the sea [This was the first withdrawal of Jesus for the avowed purpose of self-preservation. After this we find Jesus constantly retiring to avoid the plots of his enemies. The Sea of Galilee, with its boats and its shores touching different jurisdictions, formed a convenient and fairly safe retreat]: ^a and many followed him; ^b and a great multitude from Galilee followed; and
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Blasphemous Accusations of the Jews.
(Galilee.) ^A Matt. XII. 22-37; ^B Mark III. 19-30; ^C Luke XI. 14-23. ^b 19 And he cometh into a house. [Whose house is not stated.] 20 And the multitude cometh together again [as on a previous occasion--Mark ii. 1], so that they could not so much as eat bread. [They could not sit down to a regular meal. A wonderful picture of the intense importunity of people and the corresponding eagerness of Jesus, who was as willing to do as they were to have done.] 21 And when his friends heard it, they went
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Sign Seekers, and the Enthusiast Reproved.
(Galilee on the Same Day as the Last Section.) ^A Matt. XII. 38-45; ^C Luke XI. 24-36. ^c 29 And when the multitudes were gathering together unto him, ^a 38 Then certain of the scribes and Pharisees answered him, saying, Teacher, we would see a sign from thee. [Having been severely rebuked by Jesus, it is likely that the scribes and Pharisees asked for a sign that they might appear to the multitude more fair-minded and open to conviction than Jesus had represented them to be. Jesus had just wrought
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Christ's Teaching as to his Mother and Brethren.
(Galilee, Same Day as the Last Lesson.) ^A Matt. XII. 46-50; ^B Mark III. 31-35; ^C Luke VIII. 19-21. ^a 46 While he yet speaking to the multitudes, behold, his mother and his brethren stood without seeking to speak to him. [Jesus was in a house, probably at Capernaum--Mark iii. 19; Matt. xiii. 1.] ^c 19 and there came { ^b come} ^c to him his mother and ^b his brethren; ^c and they could not come at him for the crowd. ^a and, standing without, they sent unto him, calling him. 32 And the multitude
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Jesus Defends Healing a Withered Hand on the Sabbath.
(Probably Galilee.) ^A Matt. XII. 9-14; ^B Mark III. 1-6; ^C Luke VI. 6-11. ^a 9 And he departed thence. [The word here points to a journey as in Matt. xi. 1 and xv. 29, which are the only places where Matthew uses this expression. Greswell may be right in thinking that it indicates the return back to Galilee from the Passover, since a cognate expression used by John expresses such a journey from Galilee to Judæa. See John vii. 3 ], ^c 6 And it came to pass on another sabbath [another sabbath
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

The Acceptance of the Christian Conception of Life Will Emancipate Men from the Miseries of Our Pagan Life.
The External Life of Christian Peoples Remains Pagan Though they are Penetrated by Christian Consciousness--The Way Out of this Contradiction is by the Acceptance of the Christian Theory of Life--Only Through Christianity is Every Man Free, and Emancipated of All Human Authority--This Emancipation can be Effected by no Change in External Conditions of Life, but Only by a Change in the Conception of Life--The Christian Ideal of Life Requires Renunciation of all Violence, and in Emancipating the Man
Leo Tolstoy—The Kingdom of God is within you

The Two Sabbath-Controversies - the Plucking of the Ears of Corn by the Disciples, and the Healing of the Man with the Withered Hand
IN grouping together the three miracles of healing described in the last chapter, we do not wish to convey that it is certain they had taken place in precisely that order. Nor do we feel sure, that they preceded what is about to be related. In the absence of exact data, the succession of events and their location must be matter of combination. From their position in the Evangelic narratives, and the manner in which all concerned speak and act, we inferred, that they took place at that particular
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

The First Peræan Discourses - to the Pharisees Concerning the Two Kingdoms - their Contest - what Qualifies a Disciple for the Kingdom of God, And
It was well that Jesus should, for the present, have parted from Jerusalem with words like these. They would cling about His hearers like the odour of incense that had ascended. Even the schism' that had come among them [4194] concerning His Person made it possible not only to continue His Teaching, but to return to the City once more ere His final entrance. For, His Peræan Ministry, which extended from after the Feast of Tabernacles to the week preceding the last Passover, was, so to speak,
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Opposition to Jesus.
During the first period of his career, it does not appear that Jesus met with any serious opposition. His preaching, thanks to the extreme liberty which was enjoyed in Galilee, and to the number of teachers who arose on all hands, made no noise beyond a restricted circle. But when Jesus entered upon a path brilliant with wonders and public successes, the storm began to gather. More than once he was obliged to conceal himself and fly.[1] Antipas, however, did not interfere with him, although Jesus
Ernest Renan—The Life of Jesus

The Cardinal was Seated, -- He Rose as Moretti Appeared. ...
The Cardinal was seated,--he rose as Moretti appeared. "I beg your Eminence to spare yourself!" said Moretti suavely, with a deep salutation, "And to pardon me for thus coming unannounced into the presence of one so highly esteemed by the Holy Father as Cardinal Bonpre!" The Cardinal gave a gesture of courteous deprecation; and Monsignor Moretti, lifting his, till then, partially lowered eyelids, flashed an angry regard upon the Abbe Vergniaud, who resting his back against the book-case behind him,
Marie Corelli—The Master-Christian

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