Matthew 10:28

Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Instead, fear the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell.

Study Bible

Do not be afraid
This phrase is a recurring command throughout the Bible, emphasizing the importance of faith over fear. In Greek, the word for "afraid" is "φοβηθῆτε" (phobēthēte), which is related to our English word "phobia." The command here is not just a suggestion but an imperative, urging believers to trust in God's sovereignty and protection. Historically, this assurance would have been crucial for early Christians facing persecution, reminding them that their ultimate security lies in God.

of those who kill the body
This phrase acknowledges the reality of physical threats and persecution. The Greek word for "kill" is "ἀποκτεννόντων" (apoktennontōn), which means to put to death. The early Christians often faced martyrdom, and this phrase serves as a reminder that while human adversaries can harm the physical body, their power is limited. The body, in this context, is temporary and not the ultimate essence of a person.

but cannot kill the soul
Here, the distinction between body and soul is emphasized. The Greek word for "soul" is "ψυχή" (psychē), which refers to the eternal aspect of a person. This phrase reassures believers that their true essence, their soul, is beyond the reach of human harm. It reflects a deep theological truth that the soul's destiny is in God's hands, not man's.

Instead, fear the One
The word "fear" here is "φοβεῖσθε" (phobeisthe), which, unlike the earlier "afraid," implies reverence and awe rather than terror. "The One" refers to God, highlighting His ultimate authority and power. This fear is not about being scared of God but about recognizing His majesty and justice. It is a call to prioritize divine reverence over human intimidation.

who can destroy both soul and body in hell
The word "destroy" in Greek is "ἀπολέσαι" (apolesai), which means to ruin or bring to an end. This phrase underscores God's sovereign power over both physical and spiritual realms. "Hell" is translated from the Greek "γέεννα" (Gehenna), a term derived from the Valley of Hinnom, a place outside Jerusalem associated with judgment and punishment. This serves as a sobering reminder of the eternal consequences of one's spiritual state and the importance of aligning with God's will.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus Christ
The speaker of this verse, providing instruction and encouragement to His disciples.

2. Disciples
The immediate audience of Jesus' teaching, representing all believers who follow Christ.

3. Persecutors
Those who can harm the body but not the soul, representing earthly threats and opposition.

4. God
Referred to as "the One" who has authority over both soul and body, emphasizing His ultimate power.

5. Hell (Gehenna)
The place of final judgment and destruction, symbolizing eternal separation from God.

Teaching Points

Fear of God vs. Fear of Man
Believers are called to prioritize their reverence for God over fear of human threats. This perspective shifts our focus from temporary, earthly concerns to eternal, spiritual realities.

Eternal Perspective
Understanding the distinction between body and soul encourages Christians to live with an eternal mindset, valuing spiritual well-being over physical safety.

God's Sovereignty
Recognizing God's ultimate authority over life and death provides comfort and assurance, knowing that our souls are secure in His hands.

Courage in Persecution
This teaching empowers believers to stand firm in their faith, even in the face of persecution, trusting in God's protection and justice.

Holiness and Accountability
The reality of God's judgment calls Christians to live holy lives, accountable to Him who judges both soul and body.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the distinction between body and soul influence your daily decisions and priorities?

2. In what ways can you cultivate a healthy fear of the Lord that leads to wisdom and spiritual growth?

3. How can the assurance of God's sovereignty over your soul provide comfort in times of fear or persecution?

4. What practical steps can you take to maintain an eternal perspective in a world focused on the temporary?

5. How do other scriptures, such as Philippians 1:21 and Hebrews 10:31, deepen your understanding of Matthew 10:28?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Luke 12:4-5
This passage parallels Matthew 10:28, reinforcing the teaching about whom to fear.

Proverbs 9:10
Highlights the fear of the Lord as the beginning of wisdom, connecting reverence for God with understanding.

Revelation 20:14-15
Describes the final judgment and the lake of fire, providing a broader context for the concept of hell.

Philippians 1:21
Paul's perspective on life and death, emphasizing the eternal focus over temporal fears.

Hebrews 10:31
Discusses the fearful expectation of judgment, underscoring the seriousness of God's authority.