Luke 7:39

When the Pharisee who had invited Jesus saw this, he said to himself, "If this man were a prophet, He would know who this is and what kind of woman is touching Him--for she is a sinner!"

Study Bible

When the Pharisee
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in first-century Judaism known for their strict adherence to the Law of Moses and the oral traditions. The Greek word for Pharisee, "Pharisaios," is derived from a Hebrew root meaning "separated." This separation was both physical and spiritual, as they sought to maintain purity by avoiding anything considered unclean. In this context, the Pharisee represents a mindset focused on external righteousness and judgment, often missing the heart of God's law, which is love and mercy.

who had invited Him
The act of inviting Jesus into one's home was significant in the ancient Near Eastern culture, symbolizing a gesture of hospitality and respect. However, the Pharisee's invitation may have been motivated by curiosity or a desire to scrutinize Jesus rather than genuine hospitality. This reflects a common theme in the Gospels where Jesus is often invited into spaces where He is not fully welcomed or understood, yet He enters willingly, offering grace and truth.

saw this
The Greek word "eidō" implies more than just physical sight; it suggests perception and understanding. The Pharisee's observation of the event is not just about witnessing an action but interpreting it through his own lens of legalism and self-righteousness. This highlights the contrast between human judgment and divine insight, as Jesus sees beyond appearances into the heart.

he said to himself
This phrase indicates an internal dialogue, revealing the Pharisee's thoughts and attitudes. In biblical narratives, such internal monologues often expose the true nature of a character's heart. The Pharisee's self-talk is a window into his spiritual blindness and inability to recognize Jesus' identity and mission.

If this man were a prophet
The Pharisee questions Jesus' prophetic status, which in Jewish tradition, was associated with being a spokesperson for God, possessing insight into divine truths. The Greek word "prophētēs" denotes one who speaks forth by divine inspiration. The Pharisee's doubt reflects a misunderstanding of Jesus' role and authority, as he fails to see that Jesus embodies the ultimate revelation of God.

He would know
The expectation here is that a true prophet would have supernatural knowledge. The Pharisee assumes that Jesus' lack of immediate rebuke or distancing from the woman indicates ignorance. This assumption reveals a limited understanding of divine knowledge, which is not just about awareness of sin but also about the capacity for compassion and forgiveness.

what kind of woman
The phrase "what kind of" suggests a categorization based on moral and social status. In the cultural context, women of questionable reputation were often marginalized and judged harshly. The Pharisee's focus on the woman's past and social standing contrasts with Jesus' focus on her faith and repentance, illustrating the transformative power of grace.

she is
The present tense "is" emphasizes the Pharisee's fixation on the woman's current state, ignoring the possibility of change or redemption. This reflects a broader theme in the Gospels where Jesus challenges societal norms by offering new identities to those who come to Him in faith.

for she is a sinner
The label "sinner" was commonly used to describe those who did not adhere to the Pharisaic interpretation of the law. The Greek word "hamartōlos" means one who has missed the mark, a term that encompasses all humanity. The Pharisee's judgment fails to recognize that all are in need of God's grace, and it is precisely for sinners that Jesus came. This moment sets the stage for Jesus to demonstrate His mission of forgiveness and restoration, challenging the self-righteousness of the Pharisee and inviting all to experience the depth of God's love.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus
Central figure in the passage, known for His teachings and miracles. He is invited to dine at the Pharisee's house.

2. The Pharisee (Simon)
A religious leader who invited Jesus to his home. He internally questions Jesus' prophetic insight when a sinful woman approaches Jesus.

3. The Sinful Woman
An unnamed woman known for her sinful lifestyle. She approaches Jesus with an act of worship and repentance, which prompts the Pharisee's judgment.

4. The House of the Pharisee
The setting of the event, where Jesus is dining and where the interaction takes place.

5. The Event of Anointing
The woman anoints Jesus' feet, an act of humility and devotion, which becomes a point of contention for the Pharisee.

Teaching Points

Judgment vs. Compassion
The Pharisee's judgmental thoughts contrast with Jesus' compassionate acceptance. Believers are called to emulate Jesus' compassion rather than the Pharisee's judgment.

Understanding True Prophecy
The Pharisee doubts Jesus' prophetic insight, yet Jesus demonstrates true prophecy by understanding the woman's heart. True prophecy involves discernment and compassion.

Repentance and Forgiveness
The woman's actions demonstrate repentance, and Jesus' acceptance signifies forgiveness. Believers should approach Jesus with a repentant heart, trusting in His forgiveness.

Self-Reflection
The Pharisee's internal judgment serves as a reminder for believers to examine their own hearts and attitudes towards others, avoiding self-righteousness.

Welcoming Sinners
Jesus' interaction with the sinful woman encourages believers to welcome and minister to those society deems unworthy, reflecting God's love and grace.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the Pharisee's reaction to the sinful woman reveal his understanding of righteousness and prophecy? How can we avoid similar judgments in our own lives?

2. In what ways does Jesus' response to the woman challenge our perceptions of repentance and forgiveness? How can we apply this understanding in our relationships with others?

3. How does the setting of the Pharisee's house influence the dynamics of the event? What does this teach us about where and how we can encounter Jesus?

4. Compare the Pharisee's internal dialogue with Jesus' actions. What does this reveal about the nature of true spiritual insight and discernment?

5. How can we, as believers, create an environment in our communities that reflects Jesus' acceptance and love for sinners, as demonstrated in this passage?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Luke 18:9-14
The parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector highlights the theme of self-righteousness versus humility, similar to the Pharisee's judgmental attitude in Luke 7:39.

John 8:1-11
The account of the woman caught in adultery shows Jesus' compassion and forgiveness towards sinners, contrasting with the judgmental attitude of the religious leaders.

Matthew 9:10-13
Jesus' association with sinners and His mission to call them to repentance is emphasized, aligning with His acceptance of the sinful woman in Luke 7:39.