Judges 9:28

Then Gaal son of Ebed said, "Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? Is he not the son of Jerubbaal, and is not Zebul his officer? You are to serve the men of Hamor, the father of Shechem. Why should we serve Abimelech?

Study Bible

Then Gaal son of Ebed said
The introduction of Gaal, the son of Ebed, marks a pivotal moment in the narrative. The name "Gaal" can be understood as "loathing" or "abhorrence," which may reflect his role as a challenger to Abimelech's authority. The mention of his father, Ebed, whose name means "servant," could imply a humble or servile origin, contrasting with his boldness in confronting Abimelech. This sets the stage for a significant conflict, as Gaal's words are not just personal but represent a broader discontent among the people of Shechem.

Who is Abimelech
This rhetorical question challenges the legitimacy and authority of Abimelech. The name "Abimelech" means "my father is king," which is ironic given his contentious rise to power. Gaal's question undermines Abimelech's claim to leadership, suggesting that his authority is not divinely sanctioned or inherently rightful. This reflects a common biblical theme where human authority is questioned when it lacks divine endorsement.

and who is Shechem
Shechem is not just a city but a significant location in Israel's history. It was a place of covenant renewal and a city of refuge. By questioning "who is Shechem," Gaal is challenging the city's current allegiance to Abimelech, suggesting that its historical and spiritual significance is being compromised by supporting an unworthy leader. This highlights the tension between political power and spiritual heritage.

that we should serve him?
The concept of service here implies allegiance and submission. Gaal's question suggests that service to Abimelech is unwarranted and questions the benefits or righteousness of such allegiance. This reflects a broader biblical principle that true service should be reserved for God and those who lead under His guidance.

Is he not the son of Jerubbaal
Jerubbaal, also known as Gideon, was a judge who delivered Israel from Midianite oppression. By referring to Abimelech as the son of Jerubbaal, Gaal is invoking the memory of Gideon's legacy, which Abimelech has tarnished through his violent and self-serving actions. This contrast serves to highlight Abimelech's failure to live up to his father's righteous example.

and is not Zebul his officer?
Zebul, as Abimelech's officer, represents the administrative and military support that upholds Abimelech's rule. Gaal's mention of Zebul is a strategic move to question the loyalty and integrity of those who support Abimelech. It suggests that the foundation of Abimelech's power is weak and dependent on questionable alliances.

Serve the men of Hamor, the father of Shechem!
Hamor was the father of Shechem, a figure from Genesis associated with the original inhabitants of the land. Gaal's call to serve the men of Hamor is a provocative suggestion to return to the city's ancient roots, possibly advocating for a return to pre-Israelite traditions or leadership. This reflects the complex interplay of cultural and political identities in Shechem.

But why should we serve Abimelech?
This final rhetorical question encapsulates Gaal's challenge to Abimelech's rule. It calls for a reassessment of loyalty and leadership, urging the people of Shechem to consider the moral and spiritual implications of their allegiance. This question resonates with the biblical theme of discerning true leadership and the importance of aligning with God's will rather than human ambition.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Gaal son of Ebed
A newcomer to Shechem who challenges Abimelech's authority, questioning his legitimacy and encouraging the people to serve the original Shechemite leaders.

2. Abimelech
The son of Gideon (Jerubbaal) who made himself king over Shechem through manipulation and violence, including the murder of his brothers.

3. Shechem
An ancient city with significant historical and religious importance, often associated with covenantal events in Israel's history.

4. Jerubbaal (Gideon)
Abimelech's father, a judge of Israel who led the people to victory against the Midianites but refused kingship, emphasizing God's rule over Israel.

5. Zebul
An officer of Abimelech in Shechem, loyal to Abimelech and opposed to Gaal's rebellion.

Teaching Points

Questioning Authority
Gaal's challenge to Abimelech reminds us to discern the legitimacy and righteousness of those in authority over us. Are they leading according to God's principles?

Historical Context Matters
Understanding the historical and cultural background of biblical events can provide deeper insights into the motivations and actions of the characters involved.

The Dangers of Ambition
Abimelech's account warns against the pursuit of power for selfish reasons, which often leads to destructive outcomes.

Loyalty and Betrayal
The dynamics between Gaal, Abimelech, and Zebul illustrate the complexities of loyalty and the potential for betrayal when personal interests conflict.

God's Sovereignty
Despite human schemes and conflicts, God's purposes ultimately prevail. We are reminded to trust in His sovereignty over human affairs.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Gaal's challenge to Abimelech reflect the broader theme of leadership and authority in the book of Judges?

2. In what ways does the historical relationship between Israel and Shechem influence the events of Judges 9:28?

3. How can we apply the lessons from Abimelech's ambition and Gaal's rebellion to our understanding of leadership in the church today?

4. What does the account of Abimelech teach us about the consequences of seeking power without regard for God's will?

5. How can we discern when to challenge authority in our own lives, and what biblical principles should guide us in doing so?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 34
The reference to "the men of Hamor, the father of Shechem" connects to the account of Dinah and the Shechemites, highlighting the historical tensions and alliances between Israel and Shechem.

Judges 8
Provides background on Gideon (Jerubbaal) and his refusal to become king, contrasting with Abimelech's ambition and self-promotion.

1 Samuel 8
Israel's later demand for a king, which parallels the issues of leadership and authority seen in Abimelech's account.