Joshua 9:4

acted deceptively and set out as envoys, carrying on their donkeys worn-out sacks and old wineskins, cracked and mended.

Study Bible

acted deceptively
The Hebrew root for "deceptively" is "רָמָה" (ramah), which means to beguile or deceive. This word choice highlights the cunning and craftiness of the Gibeonites. In the broader biblical context, deception is often associated with a lack of faith or trust in God's provision and protection. The Gibeonites' actions reflect a worldly wisdom that relies on human cunning rather than divine guidance. This serves as a reminder of the importance of seeking God's wisdom and discernment in all our dealings.

they set out as envoys
The term "envoys" suggests a diplomatic mission, which in ancient Near Eastern culture was a common practice for establishing treaties or alliances. The Gibeonites' decision to present themselves as envoys indicates their understanding of the political landscape and their desire to secure peace through subterfuge. This phrase underscores the lengths to which they were willing to go to ensure their survival, highlighting the theme of self-preservation that runs throughout the narrative.

took worn-out sacks on their donkeys
The image of "worn-out sacks" conveys a sense of poverty and long travel, intended to deceive the Israelites into believing the Gibeonites had come from a distant land. In the ancient world, the condition of one's belongings often reflected their journey and status. This detail emphasizes the Gibeonites' strategic planning and attention to detail in their ruse. It also serves as a metaphor for the spiritual state of those who rely on deception rather than truth.

and old wineskins, cracked and mended
Wineskins in biblical times were made from animal hides and would become brittle and cracked with age. The mention of "cracked and mended" wineskins further supports the Gibeonites' pretense of having traveled a great distance. This imagery can be seen as a symbol of the fragility and imperfection of human efforts when they are not aligned with God's will. It reminds believers of the importance of integrity and the dangers of relying on appearances rather than substance.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Gibeonites
A group of people from the city of Gibeon who, fearing the Israelites, resorted to deception to secure a peace treaty.

2. Joshua
The leader of the Israelites, tasked with leading the people into the Promised Land and conquering its inhabitants.

3. Israelites
The people of God, who were commanded to take possession of the Promised Land and eliminate its idolatrous inhabitants.

4. Canaan
The land promised to the Israelites, inhabited by various groups, including the Gibeonites.

5. Deception
The act carried out by the Gibeonites to protect themselves from destruction by the Israelites.

Teaching Points

Discernment in Leadership
Leaders must seek God's guidance in decision-making to avoid being deceived by appearances.

Consequences of Deception
Deception can lead to unintended long-term consequences, as seen in the covenant with the Gibeonites.

God's Sovereignty
Despite human deception, God's plans and purposes prevail, as He used the Gibeonites for His purposes.

Importance of Seeking God
The Israelites' failure to consult God before making a treaty with the Gibeonites serves as a reminder to seek divine guidance in all decisions.

Integrity in Relationships
The account encourages believers to maintain integrity and honesty in their dealings with others.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the Gibeonites' deception reflect their understanding of the Israelites' God and His commands?

2. In what ways can we apply the lesson of seeking God's guidance in our daily decision-making processes?

3. How does the account of the Gibeonites illustrate the importance of discernment in leadership roles?

4. What are some modern-day examples of deception that Christians might face, and how can they respond biblically?

5. How does the covenant with the Gibeonites demonstrate the importance of keeping one's word, even when made under false pretenses?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 20
Provides the laws concerning warfare, including the treatment of distant cities versus those within the Promised Land, highlighting the Gibeonites' awareness of these laws.

2 Samuel 21
Discusses the consequences of Saul's breach of the treaty with the Gibeonites, showing the long-term impact of the covenant made in Joshua 9.

Matthew 10:16
Jesus instructs His disciples to be "shrewd as serpents and innocent as doves," which can be related to the discernment needed by Joshua and the Israelites.