John 8:5

In the Law Moses commanded us to stone such a woman. So what do You say?"

Study Bible

In the Law
This phrase refers to the Torah, the first five books of the Old Testament, which are foundational to Jewish religious life and law. The Greek word for "law" here is "νόμος" (nomos), which signifies not just legal codes but a way of life prescribed by God. The Law was given to Moses on Mount Sinai and is central to Jewish identity and practice. It is important to understand that the Law was seen as a divine mandate, not merely human legislation. This context underscores the gravity of the situation presented to Jesus, as the Pharisees are appealing to the highest religious authority recognized by the Jews.

Moses commanded us
Moses is a central figure in Jewish history, revered as the lawgiver and leader who brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The use of "commanded" (Greek: "ἐνετείλατο," eneteilato) indicates a direct order, emphasizing the binding nature of the Law. The Pharisees are invoking Moses' authority to challenge Jesus, attempting to trap Him between upholding the Law and His message of grace and forgiveness. This highlights the tension between the old covenant, represented by Moses, and the new covenant that Jesus is introducing.

to stone
Stoning was a prescribed method of capital punishment in ancient Israel, particularly for severe transgressions such as adultery. The Greek word "λιθάζειν" (lithazein) means to throw stones, a communal act meant to purge evil from among the people (Deuteronomy 22:22-24). This method of execution was not only about punishment but also about maintaining communal purity and obedience to God's commands. The mention of stoning here is intended to test Jesus' adherence to the Law and His stance on sin and justice.

such a woman
The phrase "such a woman" refers to a woman caught in adultery, as described earlier in the passage. The Greek word "τοιαύτην" (toiautēn) implies a specific kind of person, in this case, one who has violated the moral and legal codes of the community. This phrase reflects the societal view of women involved in such acts, often highlighting their vulnerability and the harsh judgment they faced. The focus on the woman, rather than the man involved, also points to the gender biases present in the application of the Law.

So what do You say?
This question is a direct challenge to Jesus, intended to trap Him. The Greek "σὺ οὖν τί λέγεις" (sy oun ti legeis) translates to "You, therefore, what do you say?" It is a moment of confrontation, where the Pharisees are testing whether Jesus will uphold the Law of Moses or contradict it. This question is pivotal, as it seeks to undermine Jesus' authority and mission. However, it also sets the stage for Jesus to reveal the deeper principles of mercy, justice, and forgiveness that transcend the letter of the Law. This moment invites reflection on how Jesus fulfills the Law through love and grace, offering a new way of understanding righteousness.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus
- Central figure in the New Testament, known for His teachings, miracles, and role as the Savior. In this passage, He is being tested by the Pharisees and scribes.

2. Pharisees and Scribes
- Religious leaders and experts in the Jewish Law who often opposed Jesus. They bring the woman caught in adultery to Jesus to test Him.

3. The Woman Caught in Adultery
- A woman accused of committing adultery, brought before Jesus by the Pharisees and scribes to trap Him.

4. Moses
- A prophet and leader in the Old Testament who received the Law from God, which includes the commandments regarding adultery.

5. The Temple Courts
- The setting of this event, a public place in Jerusalem where Jesus was teaching and where the confrontation occurs.

Teaching Points

Understanding the Law and Grace
The Law of Moses was given to guide and govern the people of Israel, but Jesus introduces a new covenant of grace. Understanding the balance between law and grace is crucial for Christian living.

The Danger of Hypocrisy
The Pharisees and scribes were quick to judge the woman but ignored their own sinfulness. We must be cautious not to fall into the trap of hypocrisy, judging others while neglecting our own faults.

The Role of Mercy and Forgiveness
Jesus' response to the situation emphasizes mercy and forgiveness over strict legalism. As followers of Christ, we are called to extend the same mercy and forgiveness to others.

The Importance of Self-Reflection
Before casting judgment on others, we should examine our own lives and recognize our need for God's grace and forgiveness.

The Transformative Power of Jesus' Teachings
Jesus' handling of the situation demonstrates His wisdom and authority. His teachings have the power to transform lives and challenge societal norms.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the Law of Moses regarding adultery compare to Jesus' response in this passage, and what does this teach us about the nature of God's justice and mercy?

2. In what ways can we be like the Pharisees, quick to judge others while ignoring our own sins, and how can we overcome this tendency?

3. How does Jesus' response to the woman caught in adultery illustrate the balance between truth and grace in our own lives?

4. What are some practical ways we can extend mercy and forgiveness to others in our daily interactions, following Jesus' example?

5. How can we apply the principle of self-reflection before judgment in our relationships with others, and what scriptures support this practice?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 20:10 and Deuteronomy 22:22
These Old Testament laws prescribe the death penalty for adultery, providing the legal basis for the Pharisees' accusation.

Matthew 5:17-20
Jesus speaks about fulfilling the Law, which provides context for understanding His response to the Pharisees' challenge.

Romans 3:23
This verse highlights the universality of sin, which is relevant to the theme of judgment and mercy in this passage.