Isaiah 20:4

so the king of Assyria will lead away the captives of Egypt and the exiles of Cush, young and old alike, naked and barefoot, with bared buttocks--to Egypt's shame.

Study Bible

so the king of Assyria
The phrase refers to the Assyrian monarch, a powerful ruler during the time of Isaiah. Historically, Assyria was a dominant empire known for its military prowess and expansionist policies. The Hebrew root for "king" (מֶלֶךְ, melek) signifies a sovereign authority, emphasizing the Assyrian king's control and influence. This context highlights the geopolitical dynamics of the ancient Near East, where Assyria was a formidable force, often used by God as an instrument of judgment against nations, including Israel and its neighbors.

will lead away the captives
This phrase indicates the forced relocation of people, a common practice in ancient conquests. The Hebrew verb "lead away" (יָלַךְ, yalak) conveys movement, often with a sense of compulsion or exile. Captivity was a tool for subjugation and assimilation, stripping the conquered of their identity and autonomy. This reflects the broader biblical theme of exile as both a physical and spiritual condition, often resulting from disobedience to God.

of Egypt and the exiles of Cush
Egypt and Cush (modern-day Sudan) were significant African powers, often allied against Assyrian aggression. The mention of these nations underscores the reach of Assyrian dominance. Historically, Egypt was a symbol of worldly power and idolatry, frequently at odds with Israel. Cush, known for its warriors, represents the farthest reaches of the known world, emphasizing the totality of Assyrian conquest. This serves as a reminder of the futility of relying on human alliances instead of trusting in God.

young and old alike
This phrase highlights the indiscriminate nature of the Assyrian conquest. The Hebrew words for "young" (נַעַר, na'ar) and "old" (זָקֵן, zaqen) encompass all ages, indicating that no one was spared from the humiliation of captivity. This reflects the comprehensive nature of divine judgment, where all are accountable, and the consequences of sin affect entire communities.

naked and barefoot
The imagery of being "naked and barefoot" signifies utter humiliation and vulnerability. In the ancient Near East, clothing was a sign of dignity and status. The Hebrew word for "naked" (עָרוֹם, arom) implies exposure and shame. This condition symbolizes the stripping away of pride and self-reliance, a common biblical motif where God humbles the proud to bring about repentance and reliance on Him.

with bared buttocks
This phrase intensifies the shame and disgrace experienced by the captives. In ancient cultures, exposing one's buttocks was a profound humiliation, often used to mock and degrade. The Hebrew context suggests a complete loss of honor and respect. This serves as a stark warning against arrogance and the consequences of turning away from God.

to the shame of Egypt
The ultimate purpose of this humiliation is to bring "shame" upon Egypt, a nation often seen as a symbol of human pride and opposition to God. The Hebrew word for "shame" (בּוּשׁ, bush) conveys disgrace and confusion. This prophetic declaration serves as a reminder that all earthly powers are subject to God's sovereign will, and those who oppose Him will ultimately face dishonor. It calls believers to place their trust in God alone, who is the true source of strength and deliverance.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King of Assyria
The ruler of the Assyrian Empire, known for its military might and expansionist policies during the 8th century BC. Assyria was a dominant power in the ancient Near East.

2. Egypt
A powerful and influential nation in the ancient world, often seen as a rival to Assyria. Egypt was known for its rich culture and history.

3. Cush
A region located south of Egypt, often associated with modern-day Sudan. Cush was known for its warriors and was sometimes allied with Egypt.

4. Captives and Exiles
The people of Egypt and Cush who were taken away by the Assyrians. This event symbolizes humiliation and defeat.

5. Isaiah
A major prophet in the Old Testament, who conveyed God's messages to the people of Judah and surrounding nations. His prophecies often included warnings and calls for repentance.

Teaching Points

The Futility of Human Alliances
Trusting in human alliances, like Judah's reliance on Egypt, can lead to shame and defeat. True security is found in God alone.

God's Sovereignty Over Nations
God is in control of all nations and their destinies. He can use even powerful empires like Assyria to accomplish His purposes.

The Consequences of Pride
Nations and individuals who exalt themselves against God will face humiliation. Humility and reliance on God are essential.

The Reality of Judgment
God's warnings through prophets like Isaiah are real and should be heeded. Ignoring them can lead to severe consequences.

The Call to Repentance
Prophecies of judgment are also calls to repentance. Turning back to God can change outcomes and restore relationships.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the historical context of Assyria's dominance help us understand the message of Isaiah 20:4?

2. In what ways do we, like Judah, sometimes rely on "Egypt" (worldly solutions) instead of trusting in God?

3. How can we apply the lesson of God's sovereignty over nations to our current global context?

4. What are some areas in our lives where pride might be leading us away from God, and how can we address them?

5. How can we respond to God's warnings in Scripture today, and what steps can we take to ensure we are living in alignment with His will?

Connections to Other Scriptures

2 Kings 18-19
These chapters provide historical context for the Assyrian campaigns and their interactions with Judah, Egypt, and other nations.

Isaiah 19
This chapter contains prophecies against Egypt, highlighting the futility of relying on Egypt for security instead of trusting in God.

Ezekiel 29-32
These chapters also contain prophecies against Egypt, emphasizing God's sovereignty over nations and His ability to humble the proud.