Isaiah 10:2

to deprive the poor of fair treatment and withhold justice from the oppressed of My people, to make widows their prey and orphans their plunder.

Study Bible

to deprive the poor of justice
This phrase highlights a grave social injustice that was prevalent during the time of Isaiah. The Hebrew word for "deprive" (לָשׁוּם, lashum) implies an active effort to take away or deny something that is rightfully due. The "poor" (דַּלִּים, dallim) in ancient Israel were often the most vulnerable, lacking the means to defend themselves or seek redress. The concept of "justice" (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat) in Hebrew is deeply rooted in the character of God, who is just and righteous. It encompasses fairness, equity, and the protection of rights. In a society where the poor are deprived of justice, the very fabric of God's law and order is being torn apart. This phrase serves as a call to action for believers to uphold justice and advocate for those who cannot defend themselves.

and withhold justice from the oppressed of My people
The word "withhold" (מִנַּע, minna) suggests a deliberate act of keeping back or restraining something that should be given. The "oppressed" (עֲנִיִּים, aniyim) are those who are burdened, afflicted, or crushed under the weight of injustice. The phrase "of My people" emphasizes that these are not just any oppressed individuals, but those who belong to God, His covenant people. This adds a layer of spiritual betrayal to the social injustice, as it is a violation against God's own family. Historically, the oppression of God's people often led to divine intervention, as God is portrayed throughout Scripture as a defender of the oppressed. This phrase challenges believers to recognize the sacred responsibility to protect and uplift those who are oppressed within their communities.

to make widows their prey
In ancient Israel, widows were among the most vulnerable members of society, often lacking a male protector or provider. The word "prey" (שָׁלָל, shalal) conveys the idea of being hunted or exploited. This phrase paints a vivid picture of the predatory nature of those who exploit widows, treating them as targets for personal gain. The exploitation of widows is a direct violation of numerous biblical commands to care for and protect them (e.g., Exodus 22:22, Deuteronomy 10:18). This phrase serves as a stark reminder of the moral decay that occurs when society turns its back on the vulnerable, and it calls believers to be vigilant in defending and providing for widows.

and rob the fatherless
The "fatherless" (יְתוֹמִים, yethomim) refers to orphans, who, like widows, were particularly vulnerable in ancient society. The act of "robbing" (בָּזַז, bazaz) implies taking by force or deceit, further compounding the injustice. Orphans were often left without protection or provision, making them easy targets for exploitation. Throughout Scripture, God is described as a "Father to the fatherless" (Psalm 68:5), and His people are called to reflect His character by caring for orphans. This phrase underscores the importance of providing for and protecting those who cannot fend for themselves, and it challenges believers to embody God's compassion and justice in their treatment of the fatherless.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Isaiah
A major prophet in the Old Testament, Isaiah is the author of the book that bears his name. He prophesied during the reigns of several kings of Judah and addressed issues of social justice, idolatry, and the coming Messiah.

2. Judah
The southern kingdom of Israel, where Isaiah primarily ministered. During Isaiah's time, Judah faced threats from surrounding nations and internal corruption.

3. The Oppressed
This refers to the marginalized groups in society, such as the poor, widows, and orphans, who were often denied justice and protection.

4. Widows and Orphans
In ancient Israel, widows and orphans were particularly vulnerable and were often mentioned in the Bible as needing special care and protection.

5. The Rulers and Judges
The leaders and authorities in Judah who were responsible for ensuring justice but were instead exploiting the vulnerable.

Teaching Points

God's Heart for Justice
God consistently shows His concern for justice throughout Scripture. He calls His people to reflect His character by advocating for the oppressed and ensuring fairness in society.

The Responsibility of Leaders
Leaders and those in authority have a God-given responsibility to protect the vulnerable and uphold justice. Failure to do so invites God's judgment.

The Call to Action for Believers
Believers are called to be active in their communities, standing against injustice and supporting those who are marginalized, reflecting God's love and justice.

The Consequences of Injustice
Ignoring the plight of the oppressed leads to societal decay and divine judgment. Believers must be vigilant in promoting justice to avoid these consequences.

Personal Reflection and Repentance
Each believer should examine their own actions and attitudes towards the vulnerable, seeking repentance and change where necessary to align with God's will.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Isaiah 10:2 reflect God's character and His priorities for His people?

2. In what ways can we, as individuals and as a church, actively support the widows and orphans in our community today?

3. How do the warnings in Isaiah 10:2 compare to the teachings of Jesus regarding justice and care for the marginalized?

4. What are some modern examples of depriving the poor of justice, and how can Christians respond to these issues?

5. Reflect on a time when you witnessed or experienced injustice. How did you respond, and what might you do differently in light of Isaiah 10:2?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 22:22-24
This passage warns against mistreating widows and orphans, highlighting God's concern for justice and His promise of retribution against those who oppress them.

James 1:27
This New Testament verse emphasizes pure and faultless religion as caring for orphans and widows in their distress, showing continuity in God's concern for the vulnerable.

Micah 6:8
This verse calls for justice, mercy, and humility, aligning with Isaiah's message against social injustice.