Hebrews 11:37

They were stoned, they were sawed in two, they were put to death by the sword. They went around in sheepskins and goatskins, destitute, oppressed, and mistreated.

Study Bible

They were stoned
This phrase refers to a form of execution used in ancient times, particularly within Jewish law, as a punishment for blasphemy or idolatry. The Greek word used here is "λιθάσθησαν" (lithasthēsan), which directly translates to "they were stoned." This method of execution is historically significant, as it was a communal act, often involving the entire community in the judgment and execution of the sentence. The stoning of Stephen in Acts 7:58-60 is a New Testament example, illustrating the severe persecution faced by early Christians for their faith.

they were sawed in two
This phrase is traditionally associated with the prophet Isaiah, who, according to Jewish tradition, was martyred by being sawn in half during the reign of King Manasseh. The Greek word "ἐπρίσθησαν" (epristhēsan) indicates a brutal form of execution. This highlights the extreme suffering and sacrifice endured by the prophets and faithful servants of God, emphasizing their unwavering commitment to their faith despite facing horrific deaths.

they were put to death by the sword
The phrase "they were put to death by the sword" reflects another form of martyrdom faced by the faithful. The Greek "ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρης ἀπέθανον" (en phonō machairēs apethanon) suggests execution by the sword, a common method of capital punishment in ancient times. This phrase underscores the violent opposition and lethal threats faced by those who stood firm in their testimony of God, reminiscent of the apostle Paul's own experiences and eventual martyrdom.

They went about in sheepskins and goatskins
This phrase paints a vivid picture of the destitution and humility of the faithful. The Greek "ἐν μηλωταῖς, ἐν αἰγείοις δέρμασιν" (en mēlōtais, en aigeiois dermasin) describes the rough, humble clothing made from animal skins, symbolizing poverty and rejection by society. This attire is reminiscent of the prophet Elijah, who wore a garment of hair and a leather belt (2 Kings 1:8), and John the Baptist, who wore camel's hair (Matthew 3:4). It signifies the willingness of God's servants to forsake worldly comforts for the sake of their divine mission.

destitute, oppressed, and mistreated
These words collectively describe the severe hardships and injustices endured by the faithful. "Destitute" (ὑστερούμενοι, husteroumenoi) indicates a lack of basic necessities, "oppressed" (θλιβόμενοι, thlibomenoi) suggests being subjected to harsh treatment, and "mistreated" (κακουχούμενοι, kakouchoumenoi) implies enduring abuse and persecution. These terms highlight the trials faced by those who remained steadfast in their faith, serving as a testament to their resilience and dedication to God's call, despite the world's rejection and hostility.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Prophets and Martyrs
This verse refers to the unnamed prophets and martyrs of the Old Testament who suffered persecution and death for their faith. Tradition holds that Isaiah was sawed in two, and other prophets faced similar fates.

2. Ancient Israel
The context of these events is primarily within ancient Israel, where prophets often faced hostility from kings and the people for delivering God's messages.

3. Persecution
The verse highlights the severe persecution faced by God's faithful servants, emphasizing their endurance and faith despite extreme adversity.

Teaching Points

Faith in Adversity
The faith of these individuals was not deterred by persecution. Believers today are called to stand firm in their faith, even when facing trials.

The Cost of Discipleship
Following God may lead to suffering and sacrifice. Christians should be prepared for the cost of discipleship, understanding that their reward is eternal.

God's Faithfulness
Despite their suffering, these individuals were commended for their faith. God remains faithful to His promises, and believers can trust Him through their trials.

Living Counter-Culturally
The prophets lived in a way that was often counter to the prevailing culture. Christians are called to live distinctively, even if it leads to mistreatment.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the example of the prophets' faith in Hebrews 11:37 inspire you to face your own challenges?

2. In what ways can you prepare yourself spiritually and mentally for potential persecution or mistreatment for your faith?

3. How does understanding the historical context of the prophets' suffering deepen your appreciation for their faith and endurance?

4. What are some modern-day examples of believers who have faced persecution, and how can their accounts encourage you?

5. How can you support and pray for those who are currently facing persecution for their faith around the world?

Connections to Other Scriptures

2 Chronicles 24:20-21
This passage describes the stoning of Zechariah, a prophet who was killed for speaking God's truth, illustrating the type of persecution mentioned in Hebrews 11:37.

Matthew 23:37
Jesus laments over Jerusalem, acknowledging the city's history of killing prophets, which connects to the suffering described in Hebrews 11:37.

Acts 7:52
Stephen, the first Christian martyr, accuses the Jewish leaders of betraying and murdering the prophets, echoing the theme of persecution in Hebrews 11:37.