Ezra 2:64
The whole assembly numbered 42,360,
The whole assembly
This phrase refers to the collective group of Israelites who returned from the Babylonian exile. The Hebrew word for "assembly" is "qahal," which often denotes a congregation or gathering of God's people. Historically, this assembly represents the remnant of Israel, a theme prevalent throughout the Old Testament, where God preserves a faithful group to fulfill His covenant promises. This assembly is significant as it marks the beginning of the restoration of Israel, both physically and spiritually, to their homeland.

numbered
The act of numbering or counting the people is reminiscent of the censuses taken in the Book of Numbers. In the Hebrew context, numbering the people was not merely a logistical exercise but a spiritual one, signifying God's intimate knowledge and care for His people. It also reflects the order and structure God desires for His people, as seen in the organization of the tribes in the wilderness.

42,360
This specific number highlights the substantial size of the group returning to Jerusalem. While it may seem small compared to the entire nation of Israel, it is a testament to God's faithfulness in preserving a remnant. The precision of this number underscores the historical accuracy and reliability of the biblical record. It also serves as a reminder of the fulfillment of God's promises, as He had foretold through the prophets that a remnant would return to rebuild Jerusalem and the temple. This number, though seemingly mundane, is a symbol of hope and renewal for the nation of Israel.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The Assembly
This refers to the group of Israelites who returned from the Babylonian exile to Jerusalem and Judah. They are the remnant of God's chosen people, tasked with rebuilding the temple and restoring worship in Jerusalem.

2. Babylonian Exile
A significant event in Jewish history where the Israelites were taken captive by the Babylonians. This period lasted for about 70 years and was a time of reflection and repentance for the Israelites.

3. Return to Jerusalem
The event of returning from exile marks a pivotal moment in Jewish history, symbolizing restoration and hope. It was led by figures like Zerubbabel and Jeshua, who were instrumental in the rebuilding efforts.

4. Zerubbabel
A leader of the first group of returning exiles, he played a crucial role in the reconstruction of the temple. His leadership is a fulfillment of God's promise to restore His people.

5. The Temple
The central place of worship for the Israelites, its reconstruction was a primary focus for the returning exiles. The temple symbolized God's presence among His people.
Teaching Points
God's Faithfulness
The return of the exiles is a testament to God's faithfulness in keeping His promises. Despite the Israelites' past disobedience, God remained committed to His covenant.

The Importance of Community
The assembly of 42,360 highlights the significance of community in God's plan. Each individual played a role in the restoration of worship and society.

Restoration and Hope
The return from exile symbolizes spiritual renewal and hope. It reminds us that God can restore what is broken and bring new beginnings.

Obedience and Leadership
The leadership of figures like Zerubbabel demonstrates the importance of obedience to God's call. Effective leadership is crucial in guiding God's people towards His purposes.

God's Sovereignty
The orchestration of the return from exile shows God's sovereignty over nations and history. He uses even foreign powers to accomplish His divine will.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the return of the exiles in Ezra 2:64 demonstrate God's faithfulness to His promises?

2. In what ways can we see the importance of community in our own spiritual journeys, as reflected in the assembly of 42,360?

3. How does the concept of restoration in Ezra 2:64 apply to personal areas of brokenness or loss in your life?

4. What qualities of leadership can we learn from the leaders of the returning exiles, and how can these be applied in our own contexts?

5. How does understanding God's sovereignty, as seen in the return from exile, impact your trust in His plans for your life?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Nehemiah 7:66
This passage parallels Ezra 2:64, providing a similar account of the number of returning exiles, emphasizing the importance of the community in God's plan.

Jeremiah 29:10-14
These verses contain God's promise to bring the Israelites back from exile, highlighting His faithfulness and the fulfillment of His word in Ezra 2:64.

Isaiah 10:20-22
This prophecy speaks of a remnant returning, which is fulfilled in the events of Ezra, showing God's mercy and the preservation of His people.
Spiritual SignificancesW. Clarkson Ezra 2:1-67
Men Forsaking the Worldly LifeJ.S. Exell Ezra 2:1-70
People
Akkub, Ami, Asaph, Asnah, Ater, Baanah, Bakbuk, Barkos, Barzillai, Bazluth, Besai, Bigvai, Bilshan, Darkon, Delaiah, Gahar, Gazzam, Giddel, Habaiah, Hagab, Hagabah, Hakkoz, Hakupha, Hanan, Harhur, Harsha, Hasupha, Hatipha, Hatita, Hattil, Hezekiah, Hodaviah, Immer, Israelites, Jaalah, Jedaiah, Jeshua, Joab, Jorah, Kadmiel, Keros, Koz, Lebanah, Mehida, Mehunim, Meunim, Mizpar, Mordecai, Nebuchadnezzar, Nehemiah, Nekoda, Nephusim, Neziah, Padon, Pahathmoab, Parosh, Paseah, Pashur, Peruda, Phaseah, Pochereth, Reaiah, Reelaiah, Rehum, Rezin, Seraiah, Shallum, Shalmai, Shephatiah, Shobai, Siaha, Sisera, Solomon, Sophereth, Sotai, Tabbaoth, Talmon, Thamah, Tobiah, Tobijah, Uzza, Zaccai, Zattu, Zerubbabel, Ziha
Places
Ai, Anathoth, Azmaveth, Babylon, Babylonia, Beeroth, Bethel, Bethlehem, Cherub, Geba, Hadid, Immer, Jericho, Jerusalem, Kiriath-arim, Lod, Michmas, Nebo, Netophah, Ono, Ramah, Tel-harsha, Tel-melah
Topics
42, 360, Congregation, Forty, Forty-two, Hundred, Myriad, Numbered, Sixty, Thousand, Threescore
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Ezra 2:1-65

     5249   census

Ezra 2:1-67

     7230   genealogies

Library
Altar and Temple
'And when the seventh month was come, and the children of Israel were in the cities, the people gathered themselves together as one man to Jerusalem. 2. Then stood up Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren the priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and his brethren, and builded the altar of the God of Israel, to offer burnt offerings thereon, as it is written in the law of Moses the man of God. 3. And they set the altar upon his bases; for fear was upon them because of the people of those
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Apocalypse.
On the Lit. and life of John, see §§ 40 and 41 (this vol.); on the authorship of the Apoc. and the time of composition, § 37 (this vol.); § 41 (this vol.); and § 84 (this vol.) 1. Modern Critical, works of German and French scholars on the Apocalypse: Lücke (Voltständige Einleitung, etc., 2d ed., 1852; 1,074 pages of introductory matter, critical and historical; compare with it the review of Bleek in the "Studien and Kritiken" for 1854 and 1855); DeWette Com., 1848,
Philip Schaff—History of the Christian Church, Volume I

Barzillai
BY REV. GEORGE MILLIGAN, M.A., D.D. "There is nothing," says Socrates to Cephalus in the Republic, "I like better than conversing with aged men. For I regard them as travellers who have gone a journey which I too may have to go, and of whom it is right to learn the character of the way, whether it is rugged or difficult, or smooth and easy" (p. 328 E.). It is to such an aged traveller that we are introduced in the person of Barzillai the Gileadite. And though he is one of the lesser-known characters
George Milligan—Men of the Bible; Some Lesser-Known

The Historical Books.
1. In the Pentateuch we have the establishment of the Theocracy, with the preparatory and accompanying history pertaining to it. The province of the historical books is to unfold its practiced working, and to show how, under the divine superintendence and guidance, it accomplished the end for which it was given. They contain, therefore, primarily, a history of God's dealings with the covenant people under the economy which he had imposed upon them. They look at the course of human events on the
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

The Old Testament Canon from Its Beginning to Its Close.
The first important part of the Old Testament put together as a whole was the Pentateuch, or rather, the five books of Moses and Joshua. This was preceded by smaller documents, which one or more redactors embodied in it. The earliest things committed to writing were probably the ten words proceeding from Moses himself, afterwards enlarged into the ten commandments which exist at present in two recensions (Exod. xx., Deut. v.) It is true that we have the oldest form of the decalogue from the Jehovist
Samuel Davidson—The Canon of the Bible

And thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, too little to be among the thousands of Judah
"And thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, too little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall come forth unto Me (one) [Pg 480] to be Ruler in Israel; and His goings forth are the times of old, the days of eternity." The close connection of this verse with what immediately precedes (Caspari is wrong in considering iv. 9-14 as an episode) is evident, not only from the [Hebrew: v] copulative, and from the analogy of the near relation of the announcement of salvation to the prophecy of disaster
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

Ezra-Nehemiah
Some of the most complicated problems in Hebrew history as well as in the literary criticism of the Old Testament gather about the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Apart from these books, all that we know of the origin and early history of Judaism is inferential. They are our only historical sources for that period; and if in them we have, as we seem to have, authentic memoirs, fragmentary though they be, written by the two men who, more than any other, gave permanent shape and direction to Judaism, then
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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