Ezekiel 44:21
No priest may drink wine before he enters the inner court.
No priest
The term "priest" in Hebrew is "kohen," which refers to those set apart for sacred duties in the temple. Priests were descendants of Aaron, tasked with maintaining the sanctity of worship and serving as intermediaries between God and the people. This role underscores the importance of holiness and dedication in service to God, reflecting the broader biblical principle that those who serve God must do so with purity and reverence.

may drink wine
The Hebrew word for "wine" is "yayin," a common beverage in ancient Israel, often associated with joy and celebration. However, in the context of priestly duties, abstaining from wine symbolizes the need for sobriety and clarity of mind. This prohibition highlights the seriousness of approaching God’s presence and the need for priests to be fully alert and spiritually prepared, free from any influence that might impair their judgment or reverence.

before he enters
The phrase "before he enters" indicates a preparatory action, emphasizing the need for readiness and purity before approaching sacred spaces. This preparation is not merely physical but also spiritual, reminding believers of the importance of approaching God with a heart and mind that are fully devoted and undistracted by worldly influences.

the inner court
The "inner court" refers to the sacred area within the temple where only priests could enter to perform their duties. This space was closer to the Holy of Holies, symbolizing a deeper proximity to God’s presence. The inner court represents a place of heightened holiness and divine encounter, reinforcing the need for priests to maintain a state of purity and reverence as they serve in this sacred capacity.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Ezekiel
A prophet and priest during the Babylonian exile, Ezekiel is the author of the book. He receives visions and messages from God concerning the future of Israel and the temple.

2. Priests
The Levitical priests are the focus of this verse. They are responsible for performing duties in the temple and maintaining holiness in their service to God.

3. Inner Court
This is a specific area within the temple where the priests perform sacred duties. It symbolizes a place of holiness and direct service to God.

4. Temple
The central place of worship for the Israelites, representing God's presence among His people.

5. Babylonian Exile
The historical context in which Ezekiel prophesied, a time when the Israelites were in captivity and the temple in Jerusalem was destroyed.
Teaching Points
Holiness in Service
Priests were called to a higher standard of holiness, especially when serving in the temple. This principle applies to all believers, who are called to live holy lives as representatives of Christ.

Sobriety and Clarity of Mind
The prohibition against wine for priests entering the inner court underscores the importance of being clear-minded and fully focused when serving God. Believers today are encouraged to maintain spiritual alertness.

Reverence for God's Presence
The inner court represents a place of divine encounter. Approaching God with reverence and respect is crucial, reflecting an attitude of worship and submission.

Spiritual Readiness
Just as priests needed to be prepared to serve, Christians are called to be spiritually ready at all times, living lives that honor God and reflect His holiness.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the prohibition against wine for priests entering the inner court reflect the broader biblical theme of holiness?

2. In what ways can believers today ensure they are spiritually sober and alert, as instructed in 1 Peter 5:8?

3. How does understanding our bodies as temples of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 6:19-20) influence our daily choices and actions?

4. What practical steps can we take to approach God with the reverence and respect that the inner court symbolizes?

5. How can the principles of priestly service in the Old Testament inform our understanding of Christian service and leadership today?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Leviticus 10:9
This verse also prohibits priests from drinking wine or strong drink when entering the tent of meeting, emphasizing the need for sobriety and reverence in God's presence.

1 Peter 5:8
This New Testament verse calls for believers to be sober-minded and alert, drawing a parallel to the need for spiritual vigilance.

1 Corinthians 6:19-20
These verses remind believers that their bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit, encouraging a lifestyle of holiness and self-control.
A Good Minister of Jesus ChristW. Clarkson Ezekiel 44:17-31
People
Ezekiel, Israelites, Joel, Levites, Zadok
Places
Holy Place
Topics
Court, Drink, Enter, Enters, Inner, Priest, Priests, Square, Wine
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Ezekiel 44:21

     4436   drinking, abstention
     4544   wine

Ezekiel 44:20-25

     7768   priests, OT function

Library
That the Ruler Relax not his Care for the Things that are Within in his Occupation among the Things that are Without, nor Neglect to Provide
The ruler should not relax his care for the things that are within in his occupation among the things that are without, nor neglect to provide for the things that are without in his solicitude for the things that are within; lest either, given up to the things that are without, he fall away from his inmost concerns, or, occupied only with the things that are within bestow not on his neighbours outside himself what he owes them. For it is often the case that some, as if forgetting that they have
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

Epistle iv. To Cyriacus, Bishop.
To Cyriacus, Bishop. Gregory to Cyriacus, Bishop of Constantinople. We have received with becoming charity our common sons, George the presbyter and Theodore your deacon; and we rejoice that you have passed from the care of ecclesiastical business to the government of souls, since, according to the voice of the Truth, He that is faithful in a little will be faithful also in much (Luke xvi. 10). And to the servant who administers well it is said, Because thou hast been faithful over a few things,
Saint Gregory the Great—the Epistles of Saint Gregory the Great

Paul's Departure and Crown;
OR, AN EXPOSITION UPON 2 TIM. IV. 6-8 ADVERTISEMENT BY THE EDITOR How great and glorious is the Christian's ultimate destiny--a kingdom and a crown! Surely it hath not entered into the heart of man to conceive what ear never heard, nor mortal eye ever saw? the mansions of the blest--the realms of glory--'a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory.' For whom can so precious an inheritance be intended? How are those treated in this world who are entitled to so glorious, so exalted, so eternal,
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

Ezekiel
To a modern taste, Ezekiel does not appeal anything like so powerfully as Isaiah or Jeremiah. He has neither the majesty of the one nor the tenderness and passion of the other. There is much in him that is fantastic, and much that is ritualistic. His imaginations border sometimes on the grotesque and sometimes on the mechanical. Yet he is a historical figure of the first importance; it was very largely from him that Judaism received the ecclesiastical impulse by which for centuries it was powerfully
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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