Exodus 27:2

Make a horn on each of its four corners, so that the horns are of one piece, and overlay it with bronze.

Study Bible

And make a horn
The Hebrew word for "horn" is "קֶרֶן" (qeren), which often symbolizes strength and power in biblical literature. In the context of the altar, the horns represent the power and authority of God. They were not merely decorative but served a functional purpose in sacrificial rituals, symbolizing the atonement and mercy available through the sacrifices offered upon the altar. The horns of the altar were also places of refuge, as seen in other biblical narratives, where individuals sought asylum by grasping them.

at each of the four corners
The number four in biblical terms often signifies completeness or universality. The four corners of the altar suggest the all-encompassing reach of God's provision and mercy. This design indicates that the altar's influence and the sacrificial system it represents are meant to extend to all directions, symbolizing the universal scope of God's covenant with Israel and, by extension, His plan for redemption.

so that the horns are of one piece with the altar
This phrase emphasizes the unity and integrity of the altar's construction. The horns being of one piece with the altar signifies that God's power and mercy are inseparable from His justice and holiness, as represented by the altar. This unity reflects the holistic nature of God's character and His covenant with His people, where mercy and justice are perfectly balanced.

and overlay it with bronze
Bronze, or "נְחֹשֶׁת" (nechosheth) in Hebrew, is a metal associated with judgment and endurance in the Bible. The use of bronze for the altar's overlay signifies the enduring nature of God's judgment and the strength required to bear the sins of the people. Bronze's durability and resistance to corrosion symbolize the lasting nature of the covenant and the perpetual need for atonement through sacrifice. The bronze overlay also points to the necessity of purification and the refining process, as bronze is refined by fire, much like the spiritual purification required of God's people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who received the instructions for the Tabernacle from God on Mount Sinai.

2. The Altar of Burnt Offering
A key component of the Tabernacle, where sacrifices were made to God. It symbolizes atonement and reconciliation with God.

3. The Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were given the Law and instructions for worship through Moses.

4. Mount Sinai
The place where God delivered the Law and the instructions for the Tabernacle to Moses.

5. The Tabernacle
The portable dwelling place for the presence of God among the Israelites during their journey in the wilderness.

Teaching Points

Symbolism of the Horns
The horns on the altar represent strength and power. In biblical symbolism, horns often denote authority and might. The integration of the horns with the altar signifies the completeness and unity of God's provision for atonement.

Significance of Bronze
Bronze, used to overlay the altar, symbolizes judgment and endurance. It reminds believers of the seriousness of sin and the enduring nature of God's justice.

Unity in Worship
The instruction that the horns be of one piece with the altar underscores the importance of unity in worship. Our approach to God should be holistic, integrating all aspects of our lives.

Atonement and Reconciliation
The altar's primary function was for sacrifices, pointing to the need for atonement and reconciliation with God. This foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who reconciles us to God.

Holiness and Consecration
The detailed instructions for the altar remind us of the holiness required in approaching God. Our lives should be consecrated, set apart for His purposes.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the design of the altar, with its horns and bronze overlay, reflect the character of God as both just and merciful?

2. In what ways can the concept of unity, as seen in the altar's construction, be applied to our personal and communal worship today?

3. How does the role of the altar in the Old Testament sacrificial system enhance our understanding of Christ's sacrifice on the cross?

4. What does the use of bronze in the altar's construction teach us about enduring faith in the face of judgment?

5. How can we ensure that our lives are consecrated and set apart for God, similar to the sacred objects in the Tabernacle?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 30:10
This verse discusses the annual atonement made on the horns of the altar, connecting the physical structure to its spiritual significance.

Leviticus 4:7
Describes the use of the altar's horns in the sin offering, highlighting their role in the sacrificial system.

Hebrews 9:22
Connects the Old Testament sacrificial system to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, emphasizing the necessity of blood for atonement.

Psalm 118:27
Mentions binding the sacrifice with cords to the horns of the altar, symbolizing dedication and consecration to God.