Daniel 11:5

The king of the South will grow strong, but one of his commanders will grow even stronger and will rule his own kingdom with great authority.

Study Bible

The king of the South
This phrase refers to the ruler of Egypt, historically identified as Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander the Great's generals who took control of Egypt after Alexander's empire was divided. The "South" in the context of Daniel often refers to Egypt, which is geographically south of Israel. Theologically, this highlights the geopolitical significance of Egypt in biblical prophecy and its recurring role as a power player in the region.

will grow strong
The Hebrew root for "grow strong" is "חָזַק" (chazaq), which conveys the idea of becoming mighty or powerful. This suggests not only military strength but also political influence and stability. In a spiritual sense, it can remind believers of the importance of strength that is rooted in God's providence and purpose.

but one of his commanders
This phrase points to Seleucus I Nicator, another of Alexander's generals, who initially served under Ptolemy but later established his own rule over the Seleucid Empire. The term "commander" indicates a person of significant military capability and leadership. This historical context underscores the theme of shifting allegiances and the rise and fall of earthly powers, which are ultimately under God's sovereign control.

will grow even stronger than he
The phrase indicates a surpassing of power and influence. Seleucus I Nicator's empire eventually became larger and more powerful than that of Ptolemy's. This serves as a reminder of the transient nature of human power and the ultimate supremacy of God's kingdom, which is eternal and unshakeable.

and will rule his own kingdom
This highlights the establishment of the Seleucid Empire, which was one of the major Hellenistic states following the fragmentation of Alexander's empire. The notion of ruling one's own kingdom speaks to the divine allowance for human governance and the responsibility that comes with it. It also reflects the biblical theme of God raising and deposing kings according to His divine plan.

with great authority
The Hebrew word for "authority" is "שָׁלִיט" (shalit), which implies dominion and control. This authority is not just political but also carries a sense of legitimacy and recognized power. In a spiritual context, it serves as a reminder that all authority is ultimately derived from God, and those in positions of power are accountable to Him. This can inspire believers to trust in God's ultimate authority over all earthly rulers and kingdoms.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The King of the South
This refers to the ruler of Egypt, historically associated with the Ptolemaic dynasty. In the context of Daniel 11, it represents a powerful political entity in the southern region relative to Israel.

2. One of His Commanders
This individual is a subordinate of the King of the South who rises to greater power. Historically, this is often identified as Seleucus I Nicator, who became a significant ruler in the Seleucid Empire.

3. The Kingdom
The kingdom mentioned here is the realm over which the commander will rule. This is historically the Seleucid Empire, which became a dominant force in the Hellenistic world.

4. Great Authority
This phrase indicates the level of power and influence the commander will achieve, surpassing even the king he once served.

5. Historical Context
The events described are part of the prophetic vision given to Daniel, detailing the conflicts between the Ptolemaic and Seleucid empires, which had significant implications for the Jewish people.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty Over Nations
The rise and fall of kingdoms are under God's control. Believers can trust that God is sovereign over world events, even when they seem chaotic.

The Unpredictability of Power
Earthly power is temporary and can shift unexpectedly. Christians should place their trust in God's eternal kingdom rather than in human authorities.

The Role of Prophecy
Prophecy serves to prepare and encourage believers. Understanding biblical prophecy can strengthen faith and provide assurance of God's ultimate plan.

Faithfulness in Uncertain Times
Just as Daniel remained faithful amidst political upheaval, Christians are called to remain steadfast in their faith regardless of external circumstances.

The Impact of Leadership
Leadership can have profound effects on nations and individuals. Believers should pray for leaders and seek to influence their communities positively.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the rise of the commander in Daniel 11:5 illustrate the unpredictability of human power, and how can this understanding affect our view of current world leaders?

2. In what ways does the historical context of Daniel 11:5 help us understand the broader account of God's sovereignty in the Bible?

3. How can the themes of prophecy in Daniel 11 encourage us in our personal faith journey today?

4. What lessons can we learn from the shifting powers in Daniel 11:5 about where to place our ultimate trust and hope?

5. How can we apply the principle of praying for our leaders, as seen in the context of Daniel 11, to our current political and social environment?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Daniel 8:21-22
This passage also discusses the division of Alexander the Great's empire, providing context for the rise of the Seleucid and Ptolemaic kingdoms.

1 Kings 11:11-13
The division of Solomon's kingdom serves as a parallel to the division of Alexander's empire, illustrating how God uses political shifts to fulfill His purposes.

Isaiah 19:1-4
This prophecy against Egypt highlights God's sovereignty over nations, similar to the themes in Daniel 11.