Daniel 11:3

Then a mighty king will arise, who will rule with great authority and do as he pleases.

Study Bible

Then a mighty king will arise
The phrase "mighty king" refers to a powerful and influential ruler. In the historical context, this is widely understood to be Alexander the Great, who rose to power swiftly and established a vast empire. The Hebrew word for "mighty" (גִּבּוֹר, gibbor) often denotes strength and valor, characteristics that Alexander exemplified through his military conquests. His rise was sudden and impactful, fulfilling the prophecy of a king who would emerge with significant power.

who will rule with great authority
The phrase "rule with great authority" indicates a dominion that is both extensive and commanding. Alexander's empire stretched from Greece to Egypt and as far east as India, showcasing the breadth of his control. The Hebrew root for "authority" (שָׁלִיט, shalit) implies a sovereign power that is unchallenged and absolute. This reflects the historical reality of Alexander's reign, where his decisions shaped the course of nations and cultures, aligning with the prophetic vision of a ruler with unparalleled influence.

and do as he pleases
This phrase suggests a ruler with the freedom to act according to his own will, without opposition. Alexander's campaigns were marked by his strategic genius and the ability to execute his plans without significant resistance. The Hebrew concept here (רָצוֹן, ratzon) conveys a sense of personal desire and volition, highlighting the autonomy Alexander had in his decisions. His ability to "do as he pleases" underscores the fulfillment of the prophecy, as he reshaped the ancient world according to his vision, leaving a legacy that would endure for centuries.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Mighty King
This refers to a powerful ruler who will emerge with significant authority. Historically, many conservative scholars identify this king as Alexander the Great, who established a vast empire and ruled with absolute power.

2. Rule with Great Authority
This phrase indicates the king's dominion and control over a large territory, emphasizing his ability to govern without opposition.

3. Do as He Pleases
This suggests the king's autonomy and freedom to act according to his own will, without being constrained by others.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty Over Earthly Kingdoms
Despite the rise of powerful rulers, God remains in control. Believers can trust that no earthly authority operates outside of God's sovereign plan.

The Temporary Nature of Earthly Power
The mighty king's rule, though significant, is temporary. This reminds us to focus on eternal values rather than temporal power and success.

The Importance of Humility
The autonomy of the mighty king serves as a caution against pride. Believers are called to humility, recognizing that all authority is granted by God.

Trust in God's Ultimate Justice
While rulers may act as they please, God's justice will ultimately prevail. Believers can find comfort in knowing that God will right all wrongs in His perfect timing.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the rise of the mighty king in Daniel 11:3 illustrate the temporary nature of earthly power, and how can this perspective influence our daily lives?

2. In what ways does the sovereignty of God over rulers, as seen in Daniel 11:3 and Proverbs 21:1, provide comfort and assurance in times of political uncertainty?

3. How can the autonomy of the mighty king serve as a warning against pride in our own lives, and what steps can we take to cultivate humility?

4. Considering the connections between Daniel 11:3 and Revelation 13:5-7, how should believers respond to the rise of powerful leaders who act contrary to God's will?

5. Reflect on a time when you witnessed or experienced God's justice prevailing over human authority. How does this reinforce your trust in God's ultimate plan?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Daniel 8:21-22
This passage also refers to a powerful king, often identified as Alexander the Great, and describes the division of his empire after his death, which aligns with the events following the rise of the mighty king in Daniel 11:3.

Proverbs 21:1
This verse speaks to the sovereignty of God over the hearts of kings, reminding us that even mighty rulers are ultimately under God's control.

Revelation 13:5-7
This passage describes a future ruler who will exercise authority and do as he pleases, drawing a parallel to the autonomy of the king in Daniel 11:3.