2 Samuel 8:2

David also defeated the Moabites, made them lie down on the ground, and measured them off with a cord. He measured off with two lengths those to be put to death, and with one length those to be spared. So the Moabites became subject to David and brought him tribute.

Study Bible

David also defeated the Moabites
The Moabites were descendants of Lot, Abraham's nephew, and had a complex relationship with Israel. Historically, they were often adversaries of Israel, as seen in the Book of Judges. David's victory over the Moabites signifies the fulfillment of God's promise to give Israel dominion over its enemies. The Hebrew root for "defeated" (נכה, nakah) implies a decisive victory, showcasing God's favor upon David's reign.

made them lie down on the ground
This phrase indicates submission and defeat. In ancient Near Eastern warfare, making captives lie on the ground was a way to demonstrate total control over them. It symbolizes the humbling of the Moabites before David, who was anointed by God to lead Israel.

Then he measured them off with a cord
Measuring with a cord was a method of determining the fate of captives. The use of a cord (חבל, chebel) in this context suggests a systematic and deliberate process. It reflects the wisdom and discernment God granted David in administering justice and order, even in times of war.

Every two lengths of them were put to death
This phrase indicates a severe judgment upon the Moabites. The decision to put two-thirds to death may seem harsh, but it reflects the ancient world's realities and the need to establish peace and security. It underscores the seriousness of opposing God's anointed king and the consequences of enmity against God's people.

and the third length was allowed to live
Allowing a portion to live demonstrates mercy amidst judgment. It reflects the biblical principle that God, while just, is also merciful. This remnant of Moabites would serve as a reminder of God's sovereignty and the importance of aligning with His chosen leaders.

So the Moabites became subject to David
The subjugation of the Moabites signifies the expansion of David's kingdom and the establishment of peace through strength. It fulfills the covenantal promise of land and dominion given to Abraham and his descendants. The Hebrew word for "subject" (עבד, ebed) implies servitude and loyalty, indicating a shift in allegiance to David.

and brought him tribute
Tribute (מנחה, minchah) was a common practice in the ancient Near East, symbolizing submission and acknowledgment of sovereignty. By bringing tribute, the Moabites recognized David's authority and God's blessing upon him. This act of tribute not only enriched Israel but also reinforced the divine order established through David's kingship.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The King of Israel, known for his military prowess and leadership, who is central to this passage as he subdues the Moabites.

2. Moabites
A neighboring nation to Israel, often in conflict with Israel. They are descendants of Lot and have a complex history with the Israelites.

3. Measuring with a Cord
A method used by David to determine the fate of the Moabites, symbolizing judgment and subjugation.

4. Tribute
The payment made by the Moabites to David, signifying their submission and acknowledgment of his authority.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty in Leadership
David's victory over the Moabites demonstrates God's hand in establishing and expanding the kingdom of Israel. Believers can trust in God's sovereignty over nations and leaders.

Judgment and Mercy
The act of measuring the Moabites reflects both judgment and mercy. While some were put to death, others were spared, illustrating the balance of justice and grace in God's dealings.

Submission to Authority
The Moabites' tribute to David is a reminder of the importance of recognizing and submitting to God-ordained authority. Christians are called to respect and honor those in leadership positions.

Historical Context and Its Lessons
Understanding the historical context of Israel's conflicts with neighboring nations can provide insights into God's unfolding plan and His faithfulness to His promises.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does David's method of dealing with the Moabites reveal about his leadership style and decision-making process?

2. How does the history of the Moabites' relationship with Israel (as seen in Genesis and Numbers) inform our understanding of this passage?

3. In what ways does this passage illustrate the balance between God's justice and mercy, and how can we apply this balance in our own lives?

4. How can we discern and submit to God-ordained authority in our lives today, as the Moabites did with David?

5. Reflecting on Psalm 60:8, how can we use our victories and successes to glorify God and acknowledge His sovereignty?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 19
Provides background on the origins of the Moabites, tracing them back to Lot, Abraham's nephew.

Numbers 22-24
Describes the Moabites' earlier interactions with Israel, including the account of Balaam.

Psalm 60:8
David's poetic expression of triumph over Moab, reflecting the historical events of 2 Samuel 8.

1 Chronicles 18:2
A parallel account of David's victory over the Moabites, providing additional context.