2 Samuel 21:19

Once again there was a battle with the Philistines at Gob, and Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver's beam.

Study Bible

Once again there was a battle
This phrase indicates the recurring nature of conflict between Israel and the Philistines. Historically, the Philistines were a persistent adversary of Israel, often challenging them for control of the land. The Hebrew word for "battle" (מִלְחָמָה, milchamah) suggests not just a physical confrontation but a spiritual struggle, reflecting the ongoing battle between God's people and opposing forces.

with the Philistines
The Philistines were a seafaring people who settled along the coastal regions of Canaan. Archaeological findings, such as pottery and inscriptions, confirm their presence and influence in the region. Biblically, they are often depicted as a thorn in Israel's side, representing the worldly opposition to God's covenant people.

at Gob
Gob is a location mentioned in the context of battles with the Philistines. While its exact location is uncertain, it is believed to be in the vicinity of Gezer or Gath. The mention of Gob highlights the geographical and strategic significance of these battles, as control of such areas was crucial for dominance in the region.

Elhanan son of Jaare-oregim the Bethlehemite
Elhanan, whose name means "God is gracious," is identified as the son of Jaare-oregim. The mention of Bethlehem ties him to the lineage of David, emphasizing the theme of God raising leaders from humble beginnings. This connection to Bethlehem foreshadows the significance of this town in the lineage of Christ.

struck down Goliath the Gittite
This phrase has sparked much discussion due to its apparent contradiction with 1 Samuel 17, where David is credited with killing Goliath. Some scholars suggest a scribal error or that "Goliath" was a title or common name among giants. The term "Gittite" indicates Goliath's origin from Gath, a Philistine city known for its giants, underscoring the formidable nature of Israel's enemies.

the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam
This description emphasizes the immense size and strength of Goliath's weapon, symbolizing the overwhelming challenges faced by God's people. The comparison to a "weaver’s beam" (מְנוֹר, menowr) illustrates the daunting nature of the enemy, yet also sets the stage for God's power to be demonstrated through seemingly insurmountable odds.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Elhanan
A warrior from Bethlehem, identified as the son of Jaare-oregim. He is credited with killing Goliath the Gittite in this passage.

2. Jaare-oregim
The father of Elhanan, mentioned in this passage. His name is of Hebrew origin, and not much else is known about him.

3. Goliath the Gittite
A Philistine warrior, famously known for his encounter with David. This passage attributes his death to Elhanan, which has been a subject of textual discussion.

4. Philistines
A recurring enemy of Israel, known for their conflicts with the Israelites throughout the Old Testament.

5. Gob
The location of the battle between the Israelites and the Philistines. It is mentioned in the context of several battles in the books of Samuel.

Teaching Points

Understanding Textual Variations
The apparent contradiction between 2 Samuel 21:19 and 1 Chronicles 20:5 invites us to explore the importance of cross-referencing scripture and understanding textual transmission.

The Role of Lesser-Known Heroes
Elhanan's account reminds us that God uses many people, not just the most famous, to accomplish His purposes. We should be open to serving God in whatever capacity He calls us.

The Continuation of Spiritual Battles
The repeated battles with the Philistines symbolize the ongoing spiritual battles we face. We must remain vigilant and rely on God's strength.

The Importance of Context
Understanding the historical and cultural context of biblical events helps us grasp the full meaning of the scriptures and apply them accurately to our lives.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the account of Elhanan in 2 Samuel 21:19 challenge or enhance your understanding of the account of David and Goliath?

2. What can we learn from the fact that multiple individuals are credited with defeating giants in the Bible?

3. How does the concept of ongoing battles with the Philistines relate to the spiritual battles we face today?

4. In what ways can we ensure that we are accurately interpreting scripture, especially when faced with apparent contradictions?

5. How can the account of Elhanan inspire us to serve God faithfully, even if our contributions seem small or go unnoticed?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Chronicles 20:5
This verse provides a parallel account of the event, naming Elhanan as the slayer of Lahmi, the brother of Goliath. This helps clarify the textual discrepancy in 2 Samuel 21:19.

1 Samuel 17
The famous account of David and Goliath, which provides context for the mention of Goliath in 2 Samuel 21:19.

2 Samuel 21:15-22
This passage describes a series of battles with the Philistines, highlighting the ongoing conflict and the valor of David's warriors.