1 Samuel 20:20

I will shoot three arrows to the side of it, as if I were aiming at a target.

Study Bible

I will shoot
The Hebrew root for "shoot" is "יָרָה" (yarah), which means to throw, cast, or shoot. This action is deliberate and purposeful, indicating Jonathan's intention to communicate a specific message to David. In the context of ancient warfare and hunting, shooting an arrow required skill and precision, symbolizing Jonathan's careful planning and the seriousness of the situation. This act is not just a physical action but a means of conveying a covert message, highlighting the ingenuity and loyalty in Jonathan's friendship with David.

three arrows
The number three in biblical terms often signifies completeness or divine perfection. In this context, the "three arrows" serve as a complete and clear signal to David. The use of arrows, a common weapon in ancient Israel, underscores the urgency and danger of the situation. Jonathan's choice of three arrows as a signal reflects a well-thought-out plan to ensure David's safety, demonstrating Jonathan's commitment to his covenant with David and his understanding of the gravity of Saul's intentions.

to the side
The phrase "to the side" indicates a specific direction, suggesting that the arrows are not meant to hit a target directly but to serve as a sign. This directionality is crucial for David, who is hiding and awaiting Jonathan's signal. The strategic placement of the arrows "to the side" ensures that the message is clear and unmistakable, reflecting Jonathan's wisdom and the trust between him and David. It also symbolizes the indirect yet effective communication required in times of danger and persecution.

as if I were aiming
The phrase "as if I were aiming" implies a pretense or a ruse. Jonathan's actions are meant to appear as a normal practice of archery, disguising the true purpose of his actions from any onlookers. This highlights the need for discretion and caution in the face of King Saul's hostility. Jonathan's ability to maintain this facade while executing his plan demonstrates his courage and the depth of his loyalty to David, as he risks his own safety to protect his friend.

at a target
The "target" in this context is not a literal one but a metaphorical goal of communicating with David. The Hebrew word for "target" can also mean a mark or a sign, emphasizing the symbolic nature of Jonathan's actions. This reflects the broader theme of divine providence and guidance, as Jonathan and David rely on God's wisdom to navigate their perilous circumstances. The "target" represents the successful transmission of Jonathan's message, ensuring David's understanding and subsequent actions for his safety.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. He is the one who devises the plan involving the arrows to communicate with David.

2. David
The future king of Israel, currently in hiding due to King Saul's jealousy and intent to kill him. He is the recipient of Jonathan's secret message.

3. Saul
The first king of Israel, who has become increasingly hostile towards David, perceiving him as a threat to his throne.

4. Field
The location where Jonathan and David meet to discuss their plan. It serves as a neutral ground for their secret communication.

5. Arrows
Used by Jonathan as a signal to communicate with David about Saul's intentions, without arousing suspicion.

Teaching Points

The Value of True Friendship
Jonathan and David's relationship exemplifies the biblical ideal of friendship, characterized by loyalty, sacrifice, and mutual support.

Courage in Adversity
Jonathan's actions demonstrate courage and faithfulness, even when faced with potential danger from his own father, King Saul.

God's Sovereignty and Protection
Despite Saul's intentions, God's plan for David's future kingship is protected through Jonathan's intervention.

Communication and Wisdom
The use of the arrows as a covert signal highlights the importance of wisdom and discretion in communication, especially in times of danger.

Faithfulness to God's Anointed
Jonathan's respect and support for David, despite his father's opposition, show a commitment to God's chosen leader.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jonathan's loyalty to David challenge us in our own friendships and relationships today?

2. In what ways can we demonstrate courage and faithfulness in the face of adversity, as Jonathan did?

3. How does the account of Jonathan and David encourage us to trust in God's sovereignty and protection in our lives?

4. What are some practical ways we can use wisdom and discretion in our communication, especially in sensitive situations?

5. How can we show respect and support for those whom God has placed in leadership, even when it may be difficult or unpopular?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:1-4
This passage describes the deep friendship and covenant between Jonathan and David, which sets the stage for the events in 1 Samuel 20.

Proverbs 17:17
This verse speaks to the loyalty and love of a true friend, exemplified by Jonathan's actions towards David.

John 15:13
Jesus speaks of the greatest love being laying down one's life for friends, which parallels Jonathan's willingness to risk his own safety for David.