1 Samuel 19:5

He took his life in his hands when he struck down the Philistine, and the LORD worked a great salvation for all Israel. You saw it and rejoiced, so why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason?"

Study Bible

He took his life in his hands
This phrase signifies the immense risk and courage David displayed when he faced Goliath. In the Hebrew context, "taking one's life in one's hands" implies a willingness to face mortal danger. David's actions were not just a display of bravery but also of faith, trusting in God's protection and purpose. This phrase reminds us of the call to step out in faith, even when the odds seem insurmountable, trusting that God is in control.

when he struck down the Philistine
The "Philistine" here refers to Goliath, the giant warrior who defied the armies of Israel. David's victory over Goliath was not just a military triumph but a spiritual one, demonstrating God's power over the enemies of His people. Historically, the Philistines were a constant threat to Israel, and David's victory was a turning point in Israel's struggle against them. This act of striking down the Philistine symbolizes the triumph of faith and God's deliverance over seemingly impossible challenges.

The LORD brought about a great deliverance for all Israel
This phrase emphasizes that the victory was not by David's might but by the LORD's intervention. The Hebrew word for "deliverance" (יְשׁוּעָה, yeshu'ah) is often associated with salvation and rescue, underscoring that God is the ultimate savior of His people. This deliverance was "great" because it unified Israel and demonstrated God's favor and power. It serves as a reminder that God is the source of all true deliverance and victory in our lives.

You saw it and rejoiced
This statement is directed at Saul, reminding him of his initial reaction to David's victory. The joy that Saul and all Israel experienced was a natural response to witnessing God's hand at work. It highlights the communal aspect of God's deliverance, where the entire nation benefits and rejoices in God's acts. This joy is a testament to the shared faith and hope in God's promises and interventions.

Why would you sin against innocent blood
The phrase "innocent blood" refers to the unjust shedding of life, which is a grave sin in biblical teaching. David is portrayed as innocent, having done nothing to warrant Saul's hostility. This phrase serves as a moral and ethical challenge, urging Saul to reconsider his actions against David. It underscores the biblical principle of justice and the sanctity of life, reminding believers of the importance of righteousness and the protection of the innocent.

by killing David without cause
This phrase highlights the baseless nature of Saul's intent to harm David. "Without cause" indicates that there is no justification for Saul's actions, pointing to the irrationality and sinfulness of envy and hatred. In a broader sense, it serves as a warning against acting out of jealousy or fear, which can lead to unjust actions. It calls believers to examine their motives and ensure that their actions align with God's justice and love.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
A young shepherd who became a hero in Israel after defeating Goliath, the Philistine giant. He is anointed by God to be the future king of Israel.

2. Saul
The first king of Israel, who becomes increasingly jealous and fearful of David's rising popularity and God's favor upon him.

3. Jonathan
Saul's son and David's close friend, who advocates for David and seeks to protect him from Saul's wrath.

4. Philistine
Refers to Goliath, the giant warrior whom David defeated, symbolizing God's power and deliverance through David.

5. Israel
The nation of God's chosen people, who witnessed God's deliverance through David's victory over Goliath.

Teaching Points

Courage and Faith
David's willingness to face Goliath demonstrates the courage that comes from faith in God. Believers are encouraged to trust God in their own battles.

God's Deliverance
The victory over Goliath is a reminder of God's power to deliver His people. We should remember and celebrate God's past faithfulness in our lives.

Advocacy for Justice
Jonathan's defense of David teaches us the importance of standing up for what is right, even when it is difficult or dangerous.

The Danger of Jealousy
Saul's jealousy leads him to contemplate murder. We must guard our hearts against jealousy and its destructive consequences.

Value of Innocent Life
The verse underscores the sanctity of life and the sin of shedding innocent blood, aligning with the broader biblical teaching on the value of human life.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's faith in God during his battle with Goliath inspire you to face your own challenges?

2. In what ways can you celebrate and remember God's deliverance in your life, similar to how Israel rejoiced in David's victory?

3. How can Jonathan's example of advocating for David encourage you to stand up for justice and righteousness in your community?

4. What steps can you take to guard your heart against jealousy and its potential to lead to sin, as seen in Saul's actions?

5. How does the concept of "innocent blood" in this passage connect with Jesus' teachings in the New Testament, and how can it influence your view on the sanctity of life?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 17
This chapter details David's battle with Goliath, highlighting his faith in God and God's deliverance.

Psalm 18
David's song of deliverance, where he praises God for saving him from his enemies, reflecting the themes of divine protection and deliverance.

Matthew 5:21-22
Jesus' teaching on anger and murder, which can be connected to the idea of "innocent blood" and the sin of unjustly taking a life.