1 Kings 21:14

Then they sent word to Jezebel: "Naboth has been stoned to death."

Study Bible

Then they sent word
This phrase indicates a formal communication, likely involving messengers. In the ancient Near Eastern context, sending word was a common practice for conveying important news or decisions. The Hebrew root for "sent" (שָׁלַח, shalach) often implies authority and intentionality. This act of sending word underscores the calculated and deliberate nature of the plot against Naboth, orchestrated by Jezebel. It reflects the systemic corruption and abuse of power prevalent in the Northern Kingdom of Israel during King Ahab's reign.

to Jezebel
Jezebel, the wife of King Ahab, is a central figure in this narrative. Her name, of Phoenician origin, means "Where is the prince?" which is a ritual cry in the worship of Baal. Jezebel's influence in Israel is significant, as she actively promoted the worship of Baal and Asherah, leading Israel away from the worship of Yahweh. Her involvement in Naboth's death highlights her ruthless and manipulative character, as well as her disregard for Israelite law and tradition. Historically, Jezebel's actions contributed to the moral and spiritual decline of Israel, setting the stage for divine judgment.

Naboth
Naboth, a Jezreelite, owned a vineyard adjacent to King Ahab's palace in Jezreel. His name means "fruits" or "produce," symbolizing his connection to the land and his role as a steward of God's inheritance. Naboth's refusal to sell his vineyard to Ahab was rooted in the Mosaic Law, which prohibited the permanent sale of family inheritance (Leviticus 25:23-28). Naboth's adherence to God's law, even at the cost of his life, exemplifies faithfulness and integrity. His unjust death serves as a poignant reminder of the cost of righteousness in a corrupt society.

has been stoned
Stoning was a method of execution prescribed in the Mosaic Law for certain offenses, including blasphemy and idolatry (Leviticus 24:16). However, in Naboth's case, the stoning was a result of false accusations and a mock trial orchestrated by Jezebel. The Hebrew word for "stoned" (סָקַל, saqal) conveys the brutality and public nature of this execution. This act of injustice highlights the perversion of justice under Ahab and Jezebel's rule, where the law was manipulated to serve their desires rather than uphold righteousness.

to death
The phrase "to death" emphasizes the finality and severity of the punishment inflicted on Naboth. His death was not only a personal tragedy but also a national crisis, as it represented the breakdown of justice and the violation of God's covenantal laws. In the broader biblical narrative, Naboth's death foreshadows the eventual downfall of Ahab's dynasty, as prophesied by Elijah (1 Kings 21:19). It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and the certainty of divine justice.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Naboth
A righteous Israelite who owned a vineyard in Jezreel. He refused to sell his ancestral inheritance to King Ahab, which led to his unjust execution.

2. Jezebel
The wife of King Ahab, known for her idolatry and manipulation. She orchestrated Naboth's death to secure his vineyard for Ahab.

3. Ahab
The King of Israel, who desired Naboth's vineyard. His passive complicity in Jezebel's scheme highlights his moral weakness.

4. Jezreel
The location of Naboth's vineyard, symbolizing the inheritance and blessings of God to His people.

5. The Elders and Nobles
Local leaders in Jezreel who were complicit in Jezebel's plot, demonstrating the corruption and moral decay in Israel.

Teaching Points

The Danger of Covetousness
Coveting leads to sin and destruction. Ahab's desire for Naboth's vineyard set off a chain of sinful actions.

The Consequences of Complicity
The elders' compliance with Jezebel's plan shows how silence and inaction in the face of evil contribute to injustice.

The Role of Righteousness
Naboth's steadfastness in upholding God's law, even at the cost of his life, serves as a model of integrity.

The Influence of Ungodly Leadership
Jezebel's manipulation and Ahab's weakness illustrate the impact of ungodly leadership on a nation.

God's Justice and Sovereignty
Despite human injustice, God remains sovereign and will ultimately bring justice, as seen in the eventual downfall of Ahab and Jezebel.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the account of Naboth challenge us to examine our own desires and the potential for covetousness in our lives?

2. In what ways can we ensure that we are not complicit in the face of injustice, as the elders and nobles were?

3. How can Naboth's example of righteousness inspire us to stand firm in our faith, even when faced with persecution or loss?

4. What lessons can we learn from Ahab and Jezebel about the influence of leadership and the importance of aligning with God's will?

5. How does the eventual justice served to Ahab and Jezebel reassure us of God's sovereignty and justice in our own lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 20:17
The commandment against coveting, which Ahab violated by desiring Naboth's vineyard.

Micah 2:1-2
A condemnation of those who plot evil and covet fields, reflecting Jezebel's actions.

Matthew 23:37
Jesus' lament over Jerusalem, which parallels the rejection of God's messengers and the shedding of innocent blood.

James 5:6
A warning against condemning and murdering the innocent, applicable to the actions of Jezebel and the elders.

Revelation 2:20
A reference to Jezebel as a symbol of false teaching and immorality within the church.