1 Kings 16:29
In the thirty-eighth year of Asa's reign over Judah, Ahab son of Omri became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria twenty-two years.
In the thirty-eighth year of Asa’s reign over Judah
This phrase situates the events within a specific historical context, providing a chronological anchor. Asa was a king of Judah known for his religious reforms and efforts to rid the land of idolatry. His reign is often seen as a period of relative stability and faithfulness to God in the southern kingdom. The mention of Asa's reign highlights the contrast between the spiritual climate in Judah and the northern kingdom of Israel, where Ahab would soon rule. This juxtaposition sets the stage for understanding the spiritual decline that would occur under Ahab's leadership.

Ahab son of Omri
Ahab is introduced as the son of Omri, who was a significant figure in Israel's history. Omri established a powerful dynasty and moved the capital to Samaria, which became a central location for the northern kingdom. Ahab's lineage is important because it connects him to a line of kings who were politically strong but spiritually wayward. Ahab's reign would be marked by further departure from the worship of Yahweh, influenced heavily by his marriage to Jezebel and the introduction of Baal worship. The name "Ahab" itself, meaning "brother of the father" or "uncle," may suggest familial ties and responsibilities, which Ahab ultimately neglected in his spiritual leadership.

became king of Israel
This phrase marks the beginning of Ahab's rule over the northern kingdom of Israel. The kingdom was divided after Solomon's reign, with Israel in the north and Judah in the south. Ahab's ascension to the throne is significant because it marks a period of intense idolatry and moral decline in Israel. His reign is often remembered for the confrontation with the prophet Elijah, who challenged the worship of Baal and called the people back to the worship of the one true God. Ahab's kingship is a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God's commandments and the importance of righteous leadership.

and he reigned in Samaria
Samaria, the capital city established by Omri, serves as the political and religious center of Ahab's kingdom. The city's name is derived from Shemer, the owner of the hill on which it was built. Samaria became synonymous with the idolatrous practices that Ahab and Jezebel promoted. The city's strategic location and fortifications made it a significant power center, but its spiritual state was in stark contrast to its physical strength. The mention of Samaria underscores the theme of spiritual apostasy that characterized Ahab's reign and the challenges faced by the prophets who opposed him.

twenty-two years
Ahab's reign lasted for twenty-two years, a relatively long period for a king in the tumultuous history of Israel. This duration indicates a time of both political stability and spiritual decline. Ahab's long reign allowed for the entrenchment of idolatrous practices, which had lasting effects on the nation. The number twenty-two, while not having a specific symbolic meaning in this context, emphasizes the extended period during which Ahab's policies and religious practices influenced Israel. His reign serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of compromising faith for political alliances and the long-term impact of ungodly leadership.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Ahab
The son of Omri, Ahab became the king of Israel and is known for his idolatry and marriage to Jezebel, which led Israel further away from God.

2. Omri
Ahab's father, who was also a king of Israel. Omri is noted for establishing Samaria as the capital of the Northern Kingdom.

3. Asa
The king of Judah during whose reign Ahab became king of Israel. Asa was known for his efforts to reform Judah and bring the people back to the worship of Yahweh.

4. Samaria
The capital city of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, established by Omri and the center of Ahab's reign.

5. Israel
The Northern Kingdom, distinct from Judah, often characterized by its departure from the worship of Yahweh during the time of the divided monarchy.
Teaching Points
The Consequences of Idolatry
Ahab's reign is a stark reminder of the dangers of turning away from God and embracing idolatry. His actions led Israel into spiritual decline and eventual judgment.

Leadership and Influence
Ahab's negative influence as a leader shows the importance of godly leadership. Leaders have the power to lead people toward or away from God.

The Importance of Obedience
Ahab's account underscores the importance of obeying God's commandments. Disobedience can have far-reaching consequences for both individuals and nations.

The Role of Prophets
During Ahab's reign, prophets like Elijah played a crucial role in calling the people back to God. This highlights the importance of listening to and heeding God's messengers.

The Impact of Alliances
Ahab's marriage to Jezebel and alliances with pagan nations led to further idolatry. This serves as a warning about the influence of ungodly partnerships.
Bible Study Questions
1. How did Ahab's reign impact the spiritual state of Israel, and what can we learn from this about the influence of leadership?

2. In what ways did Ahab's actions violate the commandments given in Exodus 20:3-5, and what were the consequences?

3. How does the account of Ahab and Elijah in 1 Kings 18 illustrate the power of God versus the power of false gods?

4. What lessons can we learn from Ahab's alliances and relationships, particularly his marriage to Jezebel, about the importance of godly partnerships?

5. How can we apply the lessons from Ahab's reign to our own lives, particularly in terms of obedience to God and the influence we have on others?
Connections to Other Scriptures
1 Kings 18
This chapter describes the confrontation between Elijah and the prophets of Baal, highlighting the spiritual decline during Ahab's reign.

2 Chronicles 18
Provides additional context on Ahab's alliances and his eventual downfall, emphasizing the consequences of his idolatry.

Exodus 20:3-5
The commandments against idolatry, which Ahab violated by promoting the worship of Baal.

Deuteronomy 17:14-20
Instructions for kings of Israel, which Ahab failed to follow, particularly regarding idolatry and leading the people astray.
Change Without ImprovementJ. Urquhart 1 Kings 16:21-34
AhabE. De Pressense 1 Kings 16:29-33
Ahab's WickednessJ.A. Macdonald 1 Kings 16:29-33
People
Abiram, Ahab, Arza, Asa, Baasha, Elah, Ethbaal, Ginath, Hanani, Hiel, Israelites, Jehu, Jeroboam, Jezebel, Joram, Joshua, Nebat, Nun, Omri, Segub, Shemer, Sidonians, Tibni, Tirzah, Zidon, Zidonians, Zimri
Places
Bethel, Gibbethon, Jericho, Samaria, Tirzah
Topics
Ahab, Asa, Eighth, Judah, Omri, Reign, Reigned, Reigneth, Samaria, Sama'ria, Thirty, Thirty-eighth, Twenty, Twenty-two
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 Kings 16:29-33

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Library
Whether the Mode of virtue Falls under the Precept of the Law?
Objection 1: It would seem that the mode of virtue falls under the precept of the law. For the mode of virtue is that deeds of justice should be done justly, that deeds of fortitude should be done bravely, and in like manner as to the other virtues. But it is commanded (Dt. 26:20) that "thou shalt follow justly after that which is just." Therefore the mode of virtue falls under the precept. Objection 2: Further, that which belongs to the intention of the lawgiver comes chiefly under the precept.
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether a Man Can be Saved Without Baptism?
Objection 1: It seems that no man can be saved without Baptism. For our Lord said (Jn. 3:5): "Unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Ghost, he cannot enter the kingdom of God." But those alone are saved who enter God's kingdom. Therefore none can be saved without Baptism, by which a man is born again of water and the Holy Ghost. Objection 2: Further, in the book De Eccl. Dogm. xli, it is written: "We believe that no catechumen, though he die in his good works, will have eternal life, except
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether There Can be any Suitable Cause for the Sacraments of the Old Law?
Objection 1: It would seem that there can be no suitable cause for the sacraments of the Old Law. Because those things that are done for the purpose of divine worship should not be like the observances of idolaters: since it is written (Dt. 12:31): "Thou shalt not do in like manner to the Lord thy God: for they have done to their gods all the abominations which the Lord abhorreth." Now worshippers of idols used to knive themselves to the shedding of blood: for it is related (3 Kings 18:28) that they
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether a Vow Consists in a Mere Purpose of the Will?
Objection 1: It would seem that a vow consists in nothing but a purpose of the will. According to some [*William of Auxerre, Sum. Aur. III, xxviii, qu. 1; Albertus Magnus, Sent. iv, D, 38], "a vow is a conception of a good purpose after a firm deliberation of the mind, whereby a man binds himself before God to do or not to do a certain thing." But the conception of a good purpose and so forth, may consist in a mere movement of the will. Therefore a vow consists in a mere purpose of the will. Objection
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether Whoever is Perfect is in the State of Perfection?
Objection 1: It would seem that whoever is perfect is in the state of perfection. For, as stated above (A[3], ad 3), just as bodily perfection is reached by bodily growth, so spiritual perfection is acquired by spiritual growth. Now after bodily growth one is said to have reached the state of perfect age. Therefore seemingly also after spiritual growth, when one has already reached spiritual perfection, one is in the state of perfection. Objection 2: Further, according to Phys. v, 2, movement "from
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether after the Resurrection Every one Will Know what Sins He Has Committed?
Objection 1: It seems that after the resurrection everyone will not be able to know all the sins he has committed. For whatever we know, either we receive it anew through the senses, or we draw it from the treasure house of the memory. Now after the resurrection men will be unable to perceive their sins by means of sense, because they will be things of the past, while sense perceives only the present: and many sins will have escaped the sinner's memory, and he will be unable to recall them from the
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Sennacherib (705-681 B. C. )
The struggle of Sennacherib with Judaea and Egypt--Destruction of Babylon. Sennacherib either failed to inherit his father's good fortune, or lacked his ability.* He was not deficient in military genius, nor in the energy necessary to withstand the various enemies who rose against him at widely removed points of his frontier, but he had neither the adaptability of character nor the delicate tact required to manage successfully the heterogeneous elements combined under his sway. * The two principal
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 8

The Assyrian Revival and the Struggle for Syria
Assur-nazir-pal (885-860) and Shalmaneser III. (860-825)--The kingdom of Urartu and its conquering princes: Menuas and Argistis. Assyria was the first to reappear on the scene of action. Less hampered by an ancient past than Egypt and Chaldaea, she was the sooner able to recover her strength after any disastrous crisis, and to assume again the offensive along the whole of her frontier line. Image Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from a bas-relief at Koyunjik of the time of Sennacherib. The initial cut,
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 7

Kings
The book[1] of Kings is strikingly unlike any modern historical narrative. Its comparative brevity, its curious perspective, and-with some brilliant exceptions--its relative monotony, are obvious to the most cursory perusal, and to understand these things is, in large measure, to understand the book. It covers a period of no less than four centuries. Beginning with the death of David and the accession of Solomon (1 Kings i., ii.) it traverses his reign with considerable fulness (1 Kings iii.-xi.),
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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