1 Corinthians 7:21

Were you a slave when you were called? Do not let it concern you--but if you can gain your freedom, take the opportunity.

Study Bible

Were you a slave
The term "slave" in the Greco-Roman world often referred to individuals who were bound in servitude, lacking personal freedom and autonomy. The Greek word used here is "δοῦλος" (doulos), which can mean a bondservant or slave. In the historical context, slavery was a common institution, and many early Christians found themselves in this social status. The Apostle Paul addresses this reality, acknowledging the societal structures of the time. From a spiritual perspective, this phrase reminds believers that their earthly status does not define their worth or identity in Christ.

when you were called?
The word "called" refers to the divine calling of individuals to faith in Jesus Christ. The Greek word "κληθῆς" (klēthēs) implies an invitation or summons by God. This calling transcends earthly conditions, emphasizing that God's invitation to salvation and service is not limited by one's social or economic status. It highlights the transformative power of the Gospel, which calls individuals from all walks of life into a new identity in Christ.

Do not let it concern you
Paul's instruction here is to not be overly troubled or anxious about one's status as a slave. The Greek phrase "μὴ σοι μελέτω" (mē soi meletō) suggests a mindset of peace and contentment. This reflects a broader biblical principle of finding contentment in Christ regardless of external circumstances. It encourages believers to focus on their spiritual freedom and identity in Christ, rather than being consumed by their earthly conditions.

but if you can gain your freedom
Here, Paul acknowledges the value of freedom and the opportunity to improve one's situation. The phrase "ἐλεύθερος γένηται" (eleutheros genētai) indicates the possibility of becoming free. While Paul emphasizes contentment, he also recognizes the legitimacy of seeking freedom if the opportunity arises. This reflects a balanced view that values both spiritual contentment and the pursuit of personal betterment when possible.

take the opportunity
The phrase "χρῆσαι" (chrēsai) means to make use of or take advantage of. Paul encourages believers to seize opportunities for freedom, suggesting that while contentment is vital, one should also be proactive in improving their circumstances when possible. This instruction aligns with the biblical principle of stewardship, where believers are called to wisely manage and utilize the opportunities and resources God provides.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul the Apostle
The author of 1 Corinthians, addressing the church in Corinth with guidance on various issues, including social status and Christian living.

2. Corinth
A major city in ancient Greece, known for its diverse population and significant economic and cultural influence. The church in Corinth faced many challenges related to integrating Christian teachings into their daily lives.

3. Slavery in the Roman Empire
A prevalent institution during the time of Paul's writing, where individuals could be born into slavery, captured in war, or sell themselves into servitude due to debt.

Teaching Points

Contentment in Christ
Believers are encouraged to find contentment in their current circumstances, trusting that their identity in Christ transcends social status.

Opportunity for Freedom
While contentment is important, Paul acknowledges the value of freedom and encourages believers to pursue it if the opportunity arises, reflecting the balance between acceptance and aspiration.

Equality in the Body of Christ
The Gospel breaks down social barriers, creating a new community where all are equal before God, challenging believers to view each other through the lens of Christ's love.

Service as Worship
Regardless of one's social position, serving others with integrity and dedication is an act of worship, honoring God in all aspects of life.

Transformation through the Gospel
The transformative power of the Gospel can change societal norms and personal relationships, encouraging believers to live out their faith in ways that reflect God's kingdom values.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the historical context of slavery in the Roman Empire help us interpret 1 Corinthians 7:21?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of contentment in our own lives, especially when facing challenging circumstances?

3. How does the concept of equality in Christ challenge our views on social status and relationships within the church today?

4. What opportunities for "freedom" might we encounter in our lives, and how can we discern when to pursue them?

5. How can we ensure that our service to others is a reflection of our worship and commitment to Christ, regardless of our social or economic status?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Galatians 3:28
This verse emphasizes the equality of all believers in Christ, regardless of social status, which complements Paul's message in 1 Corinthians 7:21.

Philemon 1:16
Paul appeals for the acceptance of a slave as a brother in Christ, highlighting the transformative power of the Gospel on social relationships.

Ephesians 6:5-9
Instructions for slaves and masters, encouraging them to serve and lead with sincerity and respect, reflecting their ultimate service to Christ.