1 Corinthians 14:34

Women are to be silent in the churches. They are not permitted to speak, but must be in submission, as the law says.

Study Bible

women should remain silent
The phrase "women should remain silent" has been a subject of much debate and discussion. The Greek word for "silent" here is "σιγάω" (sigaō), which means to keep silent or hold one's peace. In the historical context of the early church, this directive was likely addressing specific disruptions or disorder within the Corinthian church services. The cultural backdrop of the time was one where public speaking roles were predominantly male, and this instruction may have been aimed at maintaining order during worship. From a conservative Christian perspective, this directive is often understood as a call for orderly worship and respect for church leadership structures.

in the churches
The term "churches" refers to the local assemblies or congregations of believers. In the early Christian era, churches were often house gatherings where believers met for worship, teaching, and fellowship. The plural form indicates that this instruction was not limited to the Corinthian church but was intended as a general guideline for all congregations. This reflects the universal nature of Paul's teachings and the importance of maintaining consistent practices across different communities of faith.

They are not allowed to speak
The phrase "not allowed to speak" uses the Greek word "λαλέω" (laleō), which means to talk or to utter words. This instruction is often interpreted within the context of maintaining order during worship services. It is important to note that this does not imply a blanket prohibition on women speaking in all church contexts, as other passages in the New Testament show women praying and prophesying (e.g., 1 Corinthians 11:5). The emphasis here is on the orderly conduct of worship and the roles within the church service.

but must be in submission
The concept of "submission" is derived from the Greek word "ὑποτάσσω" (hypotassō), which means to arrange under or to subordinate. In the biblical context, submission is often understood as a voluntary yielding in love and respect, reflecting the order established by God. This mirrors the broader biblical teaching on mutual submission within the body of Christ (Ephesians 5:21) and the specific roles within marriage and church leadership.

as the law says
The reference to "the law" is generally understood to mean the Old Testament Scriptures, which were the authoritative texts for early Christians. This could be an allusion to the creation order or specific Old Testament passages that outline roles and responsibilities. From a conservative perspective, this phrase underscores the continuity between the Old and New Testaments and the enduring principles of order and respect within the community of believers.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul the Apostle
The author of 1 Corinthians, addressing issues within the Corinthian church.

2. Corinthian Church
A diverse and dynamic early Christian community facing various challenges, including issues of order and conduct during worship.

3. Women in the Early Church
The specific group addressed in this verse, reflecting cultural and religious norms of the time.

4. The Law
Refers to the Jewish Torah or possibly broader Old Testament teachings, which Paul references to support his instruction.

5. Early Christian Worship
The context in which these instructions are given, focusing on maintaining order and propriety during gatherings.

Teaching Points

Understanding Context
Recognize the cultural and historical context of Paul's instructions. The early church was navigating new social dynamics, and maintaining order was crucial.

Role of Women in Worship
While this passage calls for silence, it should be balanced with other scriptures that show women actively participating in ministry roles.

Submission and Order
Submission here is about maintaining order and respect within the church, not about diminishing the value or capabilities of women.

Cultural Sensitivity
Consider how cultural norms influence the interpretation and application of scripture. What was appropriate in Corinth may differ from today's context.

Unity in Diversity
Emphasize the importance of unity and mutual respect in the church, recognizing diverse roles and contributions.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the cultural context of Corinth help us interpret Paul's instructions in 1 Corinthians 14:34?

2. In what ways can we reconcile Paul's call for silence with other scriptures that depict women in active ministry roles?

3. How can the principle of submission be applied in today's church without undermining the value and contributions of women?

4. What are some practical ways to ensure order and respect during worship services in contemporary church settings?

5. How can we apply the principle of unity in diversity within our own church communities, respecting different roles and gifts?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Timothy 2:11-12
Paul similarly instructs women to learn quietly and not to assume authority over men, emphasizing a consistent theme in his letters regarding church order.

Genesis 3:16
The reference to "the law" may connect to the consequences of the Fall, where a hierarchical order is established.

Galatians 3:28
While Paul emphasizes order in worship, he also affirms the spiritual equality of all believers in Christ.

Acts 18:26
Priscilla, a woman, is noted for teaching Apollos, indicating that women did have roles in teaching under certain circumstances.

1 Corinthians 11:5
Earlier in the same letter, Paul acknowledges women praying and prophesying, suggesting a nuanced understanding of their roles.