1 Chronicles 2:46

Caleb's concubine Ephah was the mother of Haran, Moza, and Gazez. Haran was the father of Gazez.

Study Bible

Ephah, Caleb’s concubine
The mention of "Ephah" as a concubine of Caleb provides insight into the familial and social structures of ancient Israel. In Hebrew, the term for concubine is "pilegesh," which denotes a woman who, while not a wife, held a recognized and legitimate position within the household. This reflects the patriarchal society of the time, where concubinage was a common practice for expanding family lines and securing alliances. Caleb, a prominent figure from the tribe of Judah, is known for his faithfulness and courage, particularly during the exploration of Canaan (Numbers 13-14). The inclusion of Ephah in the genealogical record underscores the importance of all family members in the lineage of Israel, highlighting God's use of diverse individuals to fulfill His purposes.

bore Haran, Moza, and Gazez
The act of "bearing" children in the biblical context is often associated with the fulfillment of God's promises and the continuation of His covenant with His people. Each name listed—Haran, Moza, and Gazez—carries its own significance. "Haran" may mean "mountaineer" or "exalted," suggesting a person of stature or importance. "Moza" can be translated as "departure" or "going forth," possibly indicating a role in leading or pioneering. "Gazez" means "shearer," which could imply a connection to agriculture or pastoral life, common occupations in ancient Israel. The naming of these sons reflects the cultural and economic backdrop of the time, where names often conveyed character traits, destiny, or familial hopes.

Haran was the father of Gazez
This phrase highlights the generational continuity and the importance of lineage in the biblical narrative. The Hebrew word for "father" is "ab," which not only denotes a biological relationship but also implies a role of leadership, provision, and spiritual guidance. The repetition of "Gazez" emphasizes the significance of this individual within the family line. In the broader scriptural context, genealogies serve to connect the past with the present, demonstrating God's faithfulness across generations. They remind readers of the unfolding of God's redemptive plan through ordinary human lives, encouraging believers to see their own place within God's ongoing story.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Caleb
A prominent figure in the tribe of Judah, known for his faithfulness and courage. He was one of the twelve spies sent by Moses to explore the land of Canaan.

2. Ephah
Caleb's concubine, who bore him sons. Her role highlights the familial and tribal structures of ancient Israel.

3. Haran
One of the sons of Ephah and Caleb. He is noted as the father of Gazez, indicating the continuation of Caleb's lineage.

4. Moza
Another son of Ephah and Caleb. His mention signifies the expansion of Caleb's family line.

5. Gazez
The son of Haran, grandson of Ephah and Caleb, showing the generational progression within the tribe of Judah.

Teaching Points

Faithfulness Across Generations
Caleb's legacy is a testament to the impact of faithfulness to God. His descendants are recorded, showing the importance of a godly heritage.

The Role of Family in God's Plan
The genealogies in Chronicles remind us that God works through families and lineages to fulfill His purposes.

Understanding Biblical Genealogies
While genealogies may seem tedious, they are crucial for understanding the continuity of God's promises and the fulfillment of His covenant with Israel.

The Importance of Every Individual
Even seemingly minor figures like Ephah and her sons play a role in the unfolding of God's redemptive history.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Caleb's faithfulness in Numbers 13-14 influence the way we view his family lineage in 1 Chronicles 2:46?

2. What can we learn from the inclusion of concubines and their children in biblical genealogies about God's view of family and heritage?

3. How does the account of Caleb and his descendants encourage us to consider the legacy we are leaving for future generations?

4. In what ways do the genealogies in 1 Chronicles help us understand the broader account of God's covenant with Israel?

5. How can we apply the lessons from Caleb's life and family to our own lives, particularly in terms of faithfulness and trust in God's promises?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 13-14
These chapters provide background on Caleb's faithfulness as one of the spies who trusted in God's promise to give Israel the land of Canaan.

Joshua 14:6-15
This passage recounts Caleb's inheritance of Hebron, emphasizing his reward for his unwavering faith in God.

1 Chronicles 4:15
Further details on Caleb's descendants, showing the broader context of his family within the tribe of Judah.