Introduction

The phenomenon of speaking in tongues, also known as glossolalia, is a spiritual gift mentioned in the New Testament. It has been a subject of theological discussion and debate within Christianity. This entry explores the purpose of tongues as presented in the Bible, particularly in the context of the early church, and its implications for believers.

Biblical Foundation

The primary scriptural references to the gift of tongues are found in the books of Acts and 1 Corinthians. In Acts 2:4, during the event of Pentecost, the apostles were "filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them." This miraculous event allowed people from various nations to hear the apostles speaking in their own languages, signifying the universal reach of the Gospel.

In 1 Corinthians 12-14, the Apostle Paul provides a detailed discussion on spiritual gifts, including tongues. He emphasizes that these gifts are given by the Holy Spirit for the common good (1 Corinthians 12:7). Tongues are listed among other gifts such as prophecy, healing, and wisdom, highlighting their role within the body of Christ.

Purpose of Tongues

1. Sign for Unbelievers: According to 1 Corinthians 14:22, "Tongues, then, are a sign, not for believers, but for unbelievers." This suggests that the gift of tongues serves as a divine sign to those outside the faith, demonstrating the power and presence of God. The event at Pentecost exemplifies this, as it drew the attention of a diverse crowd and led to the conversion of many.

2. Edification of the Church: While tongues can be a sign for unbelievers, Paul stresses the importance of edification within the church. In 1 Corinthians 14:4-5, he states, "The one who speaks in a tongue edifies himself, but the one who prophesies edifies the church." Paul encourages the use of prophecy over tongues in communal settings unless there is an interpretation, so that the entire congregation may be built up.

3. Personal Edification: Speaking in tongues also serves the purpose of personal spiritual edification. In 1 Corinthians 14:2, Paul notes, "For anyone who speaks in a tongue does not speak to men, but to God. Indeed, no one understands him; he utters mysteries in the Spirit." This private aspect of tongues allows believers to communicate with God in a profound and intimate manner.

4. Expression of the Spirit's Work: The gift of tongues is an expression of the Holy Spirit's work within a believer. It is a manifestation of the Spirit's presence and power, as seen in Acts 10:44-46, where the Gentiles received the Holy Spirit and began speaking in tongues, confirming their inclusion in the new covenant community.

Guidelines for Use

Paul provides practical guidelines for the use of tongues in the church to ensure order and edification. In 1 Corinthians 14:27-28, he advises that if anyone speaks in a tongue, there should be two or at most three speakers, each in turn, and someone must interpret. If there is no interpreter, the speaker should remain silent in the church and speak to himself and to God.

Conclusion

The gift of tongues, as presented in the New Testament, serves multiple purposes: as a sign for unbelievers, for personal and communal edification, and as an expression of the Spirit's work. The Apostle Paul emphasizes the need for order and understanding in the exercise of this gift, ensuring that it contributes to the building up of the church.