Definition and Nature:
Indignation is a strong emotional response to perceived injustice, wrongdoing, or unrighteousness. In the biblical context, it often refers to a righteous anger that aligns with God's holiness and justice. Indignation can be both divine and human, reflecting a reaction to sin and moral corruption.

Biblical Instances:

1. Divine Indignation:
· God's indignation is frequently depicted in the Bible as a response to sin and rebellion. It is an expression of His holiness and justice. In Isaiah 10:5, God uses the Assyrian empire as an instrument of His indignation against Israel's disobedience: "Woe to Assyria, the rod of My anger; the staff in their hands is My wrath."
· The Book of Revelation speaks of God's ultimate indignation against sin in the end times. Revelation 14:10 describes the fate of those who worship the beast: "He too will drink the wine of God’s anger, poured undiluted into the cup of His wrath."

2. Human Indignation:
· Human indignation can be seen in the actions of biblical figures who respond to injustice or unrighteousness. Nehemiah, upon hearing of the oppression of the poor, was filled with righteous indignation and took action to correct the wrongs (Nehemiah 5:6-7).
· Jesus Himself displayed indignation in the cleansing of the temple, where He overturned the tables of the money changers, expressing His anger at the desecration of His Father’s house (Matthew 21:12-13).

Theological Significance:

· Righteous vs. Unrighteous Indignation:
Righteous indignation aligns with God's character and purposes. It is motivated by a desire for justice and the restoration of God's order. Unrighteous indignation, however, stems from selfish motives or personal vendettas and does not reflect God's holiness.

· Indignation and Justice:
Indignation in the Bible is often linked to the pursuit of justice. It is a catalyst for action against oppression and sin. Proverbs 31:8-9 encourages speaking up for those who cannot speak for themselves, reflecting a call to righteous indignation: "Speak up for those who cannot speak for themselves, for the rights of all who are destitute."

· Indignation and Repentance:
God's indignation serves as a warning and a call to repentance. It is not merely punitive but redemptive, aiming to bring people back to righteousness. In Ezekiel 22:31, God expresses His indignation with the hope of turning His people from their wicked ways: "So I have poured out My indignation upon them and consumed them with the fire of My fury."

Practical Application:

· Discernment in Indignation:
Believers are called to exercise discernment in their indignation, ensuring it aligns with God's will and purposes. James 1:19-20 advises, "Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak, and slow to anger, for man’s anger does not bring about the righteousness that God desires."

· Channeling Indignation:
Indignation should lead to constructive action that promotes justice and righteousness. It should be channeled into efforts that reflect God's love and truth, advocating for the oppressed and standing against evil.

Conclusion:
Indignation, when aligned with God's character, serves as a powerful force for justice and righteousness. It reflects a deep commitment to God's holiness and a desire to see His will done on earth as it is in heaven.